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川普大学驱逐令与李斯《谏逐客书》

花似鹿葱 (2025-05-26 06:43:13) 评论 (48)
美将暂停哈佛大学招收国际学生资格,现有外国学生必须转学,而那些参加抗议示威活动的则要上黑名单。

这真是:春雷一声震天响,川总新令传四方。

虽然,高举的大棒在空中挥舞时暂时被停住了。但是举手式亮起,信号弹升空,美国大学里师生们噤若寒蝉,校园里开启了“逃离模式”。不只是华裔学者,还有一众大学教授们都在惴惴不安地寻思:要不要逃离?

驱逐异见者古今中外数不胜数。咱泱泱大国早在两千年前就干过。

伟大的嬴政继位伊始,也有一个“大而美”的工程——修建郑国渠。后来发现这竟然是韩国试图耗费秦国人力物力的“星球大战”。始皇帝大怒之下,把修水渠的郑国和没有秦国国籍的可疑分子统统驱逐出境,有绿卡也不行,有才能也不行。其中就有李斯。

李斯不服,遂上书《谏逐客书》。一番慷慨陈词,秦王嬴政如醍醐灌顶,从善如流。还委以没有秦国国籍的楚裔李斯重任。

就这一件事儿,敢说秦始皇不伟大?

今天咱从黄土中请出李斯,重读他的《谏逐客书》,其中一段原文如下——

“臣闻地广者粟多,国大者人众,兵强则士勇。是以太山不让土壤,故能成其大;河海不择细流,故能就其深;王者不却众庶,故能明其德。是以地无四方,民无异国,四时充美,鬼神降福,此五帝三王之所以无敌也。今乃弃黔首以资敌国,却宾客以业诸侯,使天下之士退而不敢西向,裹足不入秦,此所谓‘藉寇兵而赍盗粮’者也。

夫物不产于秦,可宝者多;士不产于秦,而愿忠者众。今逐客以资敌国,损民以益仇,内自虚而外树怨于诸侯,求国无危,不可得也。”

用今天的普通话说,就是——

俺听说田地广就粮食多,国家大就人口众,武器精良将士就骁勇。因此,泰山不拒绝泥土,所以能成就它的高大;江河湖海不舍弃细流,所以能成就它的深邃;有志建立王业的人不嫌弃民众,所以能彰明他的德行。因此,土地不分东西南北,百姓不论异国它邦,便会一年四季富裕美好,天地鬼神降赐福运,这就是五帝、三王无可匹敌的缘故。

抛弃百姓使之去帮助敌国,拒绝宾客使之去侍奉诸侯,使天下的贤士退却而不敢西进,裹足止步不入秦国,这就叫做“借武器给敌寇,送粮食给盗贼”啊。

物品中不出产在秦国,而宝贵的却很多;贤士中不出生于秦,愿意效忠的很多。如今驱逐宾客来资助敌国,减损百姓来充实对手,内部自己造成空虚而外部在诸侯中构筑怨恨,那要谋求国家没有危难,是不可能的啊。

“太山不让土壤,故能成其大;河海不择细流,故能就其深;王者不却众庶,故能明其德。”多么著名的金句啊。只是没料到今天的美丽国可以活学活用。

记得梁文道回忆当年他的大学校长诺贝尔奖获得者高琨的事情。校庆大会,学生冲上讲台把墨水泼在正在讲演的高锟身上。高琨狼狈不堪。事后,私下问他会不会开除捣乱的学生。高琨觉得这个问题太奇葩:为什么开除?学生就应该这个样!

大哉高琨!都是President,差别咋就这么大?

川总驱逐外国学生,其实也不新鲜。远看,那是“非我族类其心必异”;近说,是俺们那个时代响亮的口号:“教育为无产阶级政治服务”。美丽国没有这种立国理念,干这种专制独裁的事情,得到咱们的武器库里寻。

令人悲哀的是,昔日被视作自由民主灯塔的福地如今成了要逃离的地方,昔日慷慨收留政治难民的国家如今也要制造政治难民了。更何况,这群“哈佛难民”里藏龙卧虎,是很多国家垂涎三尺的人才。川普这次为渊驱鱼为丛驱雀,偷着乐的国家真不少,这可比中国的“千人计划”更庞大更高效。

强权也是好用的。能堵住很多人很多人的嘴,但是人心,能堵得住吗?

最后,发个彩蛋。

俺听说白宫班子缺少汉学家,所以斗胆请DS将《谏逐客书》这段翻译给川总统——

I have heard that vast fields yield abundant grain, a large nation sustains a populous people, and superior weapons make warriors valiant. Thus, Mount Tai does not reject mere clods of earth, and thus achieves its towering grandeur; rivers and seas do not spurn tiny streams, and thus attain their unfathomable depths; a ruler aspiring to establish a royal domain does not shun the common people, and thus manifests his virtuous governance. Therefore, when land knows no distinction between east and west, north and south, and people are embraced regardless of foreign origins, then blessings of seasonal abundance shall flow and celestial spirits shall bestow their favor. This is why the Five Emperors and Three Sovereigns reigned peerless.

To discard subjects and thereby strengthen rival states, to expel visitors and drive them to serve other lords, to cause the world's worthy scholars to retreat westward in fear and halt their steps at Qin's borders - this is what is called "arming bandits with weapons and provisioning thieves with grain."

Though many precious things are not produced within Qin, countless treasures are cherished here; though many capable scholars were not born in Qin, multitudes stand ready to pledge allegiance. Now, by expelling foreign talents to empower rival states, by diminishing our own people to enrich opponents, we hollow ourselves from within while breeding resentment abroad among the principalities. To seek security for the state under such circumstances would be impossible indeed.

为了达到“大而美”的标准,又请英语专家GPT翻译成适合朗诵的诗文版——

It is said that wide fields bring plentiful harvests, great states nurture vast populations, and fine arms make brave soldiers.

Mount Tai rises high because it does not reject the smallest clods.

The rivers and seas grow deep because they embrace every stream.

A ruler who welcomes all people earns enduring virtue.

So land, no matter east or west, and people, whether native or foreign,

must all be embraced if prosperity is to last year-round,

and Heaven and Earth are to bestow their blessings.

This is why the greatest kings in history stood peerless.

Yet now, you would banish the people so they serve our foes,

turn guests away so they go to rival lords,

and make the wise and loyal hesitate at our borders.

This is like giving weapons to the enemy and feeding the bandits.

Our treasures mostly come from beyond Qin, yet they are many.

Our loyal men were not born here, yet they serve with heart.

By casting out guests, you help our foes.

By thinning our numbers, you fill the ranks of our enemies.

You hollow us from within and breed resentment without—

how then can the nation remain secure?