13 苦谛 Bitter Crux

目录 Content：13.1 欲界 Desire Boundary；13.2 色界 Color Boundary；13.3 无色界 Colorless Boundary；13.4 统观大千世界 General View of the Great Grand Worlds

苦谛谈三千大千世界（如图13.1）的众生相是一大苦具。三千大千世界是由十亿尘刹土世界构成的。尘刹土是一瞬间的感知，亦作一小世界。土是身土义，亦作佛。佛是梵语，觉义，圣人义。古人称一千位一小千，一百万为一中千，十亿为一大千。古人在读时，先看见三组三个零，就读出了三千，又看见三千是一个数字，就读成了 三千大千世界。实际上三千大千世界和大千世界的意义相同。

The Bitter Crux talks about phenomena that Three-Grand Great-Grand World of sentient beings are a big bitter aggregate. The Three-Grand Great-Grand World is composed of 1,000,000,000 “dust instant soils”. The “dust instant soils” means the momentary body and mind, is also called “a small world”. The soil means perception, Buddha. Buddha is a Pali word, means Perception, sage. The ancients called a thousand a small grand, a million a medium grand, and a billion a great grand. When the ancients read it, they first saw three groups of three zeros and read "three grands". Then saw that three thousand are one number, so they read it as "three-grand great-grand world”. In fact, the Three-Grand Great-Grand World and the Great-Grand World have the same meaning.



13.1 欲界 Desire Boundary (Fig.13.1-23)

依据对根本十戒的遵守与违犯，古德把众生分成了六类，称作六道，或六趣。根本十戒亦可分为十恶戒和十善戒。十恶戒是：（一）杀生，（二）偷盗，（三）邪淫， （四）妄语，（五）绮语，（六）恶口，（七）两舌，（八）悭贪，（九）嗔恚，（十）邪见。古人根据对十恶戒的违犯程度，把恶人分成了三类，称作三恶趣（如图22至20），或三恶道，分别是地狱趣、畜生趣、和恶鬼趣。

不作以上十恶，就是十善：（一）不杀生，或不唯不行杀害，更能实行救护；（二）不偷盗，或不唯不行非予取，更能实行给施；（三）不邪淫，或不唯不行淫邪，更能实行清净。此前三戒是身戒，是约束身体行为的戒律。什么是不杀生？如自己不亲自杀生，不帮助别人杀生，不制造运输杀人的武器装备，不建议怂恿和歌颂死亡。

Based on the observance or violation of the Ten Fundamental Precepts, Ancient Virtues divided all living beings into six categories, called the six paths, or six interests. The Ten Fundamental Precepts can also be divided into the Ten Ferocious Precepts and the Ten Benevolent Precepts. The ten ferocious precepts are: 1. killing, 2. stealing, 3. heretical sexual conduction, 4. delusional speech, 5. flowery speech, 6. ferocious speech, 7. two-tongue, 8. stingy greed, 9. hatred irritability, and 10. heretic. According to the degree of violation of the ten ferocious precepts, the ancients divided the ferocious sentient beings into three categories called the Three Ferocious Interests (cf. figs. 22 to 20), or the Three Ferocious Paths, which are the hell interests, the livestock interests, and the hungry ghost interests.

Not committing the above ten ferocities are the Ten Benevolences: (1) not to kill, or not only not to kill but also to save lives; (2) not to steal, or not only not to steal but also to practice donation; (3) not to commit heretical sex, or not only not to commit heretical sex but also to practice immaculateness. The previous three precepts are body precepts that govern bodily physical behavior. What is it to refrain from killing? Such as one does not kill personally, does not help others to kill, does not manufacture or transport weapons and equipment for killing, does not recommend encourage and eulogize death.

（四）不妄语，或不唯不行诳惑，更能言说真实语；（五）不绮语，或不唯不行魅惑，更能作利益语。（六）不恶口，或不唯不行粗犷，更能善言安慰；（七）不两舌，或不唯不行离间，更能从中调和。此四是口戒。

（八）不悭贪，或不唯不行悭吝，更能进行施舍；（九）不嗔恚，或不唯不行愤恚，更能恒生慈念；（十）不邪见，或不唯不行邪见，更能信行四谛因果理。此三是意戒。

古人根据对此十善戒的违犯程度，把善人分成了三类，分别是修罗趣（如图19），人趣（如图18），和天趣（如图15至1）。六趣亦作六道，是说此类人正行进在去往地狱、恶鬼等处的道路上。本章后文对此六趣做进一步的分析和辨别。

(4) not to speak delusionally, or not only not to muddle and deceive, but also to speak truthfully; (5) not to use flowery speech, or not only not to seduce, but also to speak for the benefit of others. (6) not to speak of coarse ferocious language, or not only not to speak ferociously, but also to speak kindly to console; (7) not to two-tongue, not only not to sow discord, but also to conciliate and harmonize. The four are oral precepts.

(8) not to be stingy greed, or not only not to be stingily greed, but also to perform donation; (9) not to be resentfully irritated, or not only not to be angry, but also to be able to bear merciful spell; (10) not to be heretical, or not only not to be heretical, but also be able to believe and implement the causes and fruits of the Four Victorious Cruxes. The three are intentional precepts.

According to the degree of violation of these Ten Good Precepts, Ancient Virtues divided the good people into three categories, namely, Asura Interest (cf. fig. 19), Human Interest (cf. fig. 18), and Sky Interest (cf. figs. 15 to 1). The six Interests are also known as Six Paths; Path mean that such people are traveling on the road to hell, hungry ghost, and so on places. These six interests are further analyzed and identified below in this chapter.

古德又根据众生的种性把众生分成了三界。界是因义，种子义，是生命之树的四大种之一（参见11.2节的四大种）。欲界，如插图13.1-35所示，义为此界众生，都是从欲望的种子而有，都有饮食、睡眠、性交等色声香味触五欲。那还有没有欲望的人吗？插图36是色界，那种境界的人没有男女差别，也没有饮食的欲望，和睡眠的需求。插图37是无色界，是纯粹的思想意识状态，没有身体的感觉，自然就没有饮食、睡眠、和性生活的需求。

The ancient sages divided all sentient beings into three boundaries according to their seed nature. The boundary means cause, seed, is one of the four big seeds (cf. section 11.2) of the Tree of Life. Desire Boundary, as shown in Illustrations 13.1-35, means that all beings in this boundary are born from the seeds of desires, have the five desires of color, sound, smell, taste, and touch, such as eating, sleeping, and sexual intercourse. Are there any who have no desires? Fig. 36 is Color Boundary, where there is no difference between men and women, and there is no desire for food, drink, or sleep. Fig. 37 is Colorless Boundary, which are pure conscious states, with no bodily feelings, so naturally there is no need at all for food, drink, sleep, or sexual intercourse.

13.1.1 地狱趣 Hell Interest (Fig. 13.1.1-22)

地狱义为心路绝处，不幸处，是犯了五逆罪或上品十恶罪的人所去的，吃苦受折磨的地方。在三恶道，即地狱道、畜生道、和饿鬼道中，地狱是火途，谓此道是恶人受炽火烧烤的旅途（如插图13.1.1-22）。

Hell means the place of despair and misfortune. It is where people who commit “Five Crimes of Anti” or the upper grade of “Ten-Ferocity Crimes” go, where they suffer and are tortured. Among the three evil paths, namely the hell path, livestock path, and hungry ghost path, hell is fire path, which means that this path is a journey where evil people are roasted by fiery fire (as shown in Figure 13.1.1-22).

13.1.1.1 五逆罪 Five Crimes of Anti

五逆是指弑父，杀母，出神身血，杀阿罗汉，破和合僧。一般人都是由父母抚养长大的，杀害自己的父母，会破坏内心的环境，患精神病，也就是堕入地狱。

神的外貌是人思维机制中的默认模型，亦作大种（参见11.2《四大种》）。当大种有变化时，依其所造的一切都会随着改变，所以人看见流血的神会引起神经错乱，所以说出神身血会堕入地狱（即患精神病，案例参见10.8 《神的外貌》。另外，盗、毁、和诽谤神佛的常驻物也属于出神身血罪。神佛的常驻物如神龛，佛像，庙宇、以及庙宇中的器具等。

The Five Antis are patricide, matricide, bleeding god’s body, killing an Ararat, and to ruin monk making. People are generally raised by their parents, when they kill their parents, they destroy their inner environment and suffer from mental illness, which means they fall into hell.

The appearance of God is the default model in mind mechanism, also known as the big seed (see 11.2 "Four Big Seeds"). When the big seed changes, everything created by it will change accordingly. Therefore, seeing God bleeding will cause mental disorder, so saying that bleeding God's body will cause people to fall into hell (i.e. suffer from mental illness, for examples, see 10.8 "Godly Appearances"). In addition, stealing, destroying, and slandering the permanent dwelling objects of Gods and Buddhas also belong to the sin of bleeding God. The permanent objects of Gods and Buddhas include shrines, Buddha statues, temples, and vessels in temples, etc.

杀阿罗汉就是杀佛。罗汉山是对成就罗汉果（参见15.2.6《四沙门果》）圣人的称呼，亦作金刚山，佛。

破和合僧就是破坏上帝三人组（即神父，金童（亚当），和玉女（夏娃）；参见10.9《上帝的三和合》）的合成。僧义为上帝的社区，即上帝的三和合。例如本书15.4节《墨西哥法典》中，当墨西哥（亦作金童，亚当，特拉洛克，狮子）从地狱里反回到纳瓦特国后，翠玉女（即玉女，夏娃）拒绝把王位转交给墨西哥。这时月亮女神苦尤姬（如图26）带兵围住了圣城，要挟天道轮回的守护女神蔻特鹠鸺（Coatlicue），要从废黜的金童中选举出一位特拉洛克。墨西哥说： “如果民主选举能造出特拉洛克（即佛），左翼蜂鸟（即神父）就没必要牺牲自己来造特拉洛克了。” 说着，他就砍下了月亮女神苦尤姬的头，并把她的尸体肢解成了许多块儿（如图25所示）。就这样，这位月亮女神立刻成为了一位亚特兰蒂斯（义为大西洋的叛逆者，如图26），沉没到了大西洋底。

Killing an Ararat is killing a Buddha. Mountain Ararat is a fame for a sage who has achieved the Ararat Fruit (see 15.2.6 "Four Shamanic Fruits”), also known as Philosopher-Stone Mountain, Buddha.

To ruin monk making, English word Monk is Sanskrit word Sangha, means the community of Godly trinity (see 10.9 “Godly Trinity”). To ruin Monk making is to destroy the combination of the Godly Trinity, Godfather, Gold Boy (Adam), and Jade Girl (Eve). For example, in section 15.4 of this book, "Mexican Codex", when Mexico (also known as the Gold Boy, Tlaloc, Adam, Great Black Sky, and Jaguar) returned to the Nahuatl Kingdom from hell, Chalchiuhtlicue (i.e., Jade Girl, Eve) refused to hand over the throne to Mexico. At this time, the moon goddess Coyolxauhqui (as shown in Figure 26) led a siege to the sacred city Coatepec, threatened the Godly Cycle Guardian, Coatlicue, to elect a Tlaloc from the deposed Gold Boys. Mexico said: "If democratic elections can create Tlaloc (i.e., Buddha), there is no need for Huitzilopochtli (i.e., the Godfather, new sun god) to sacrifice himself to create Tlaloc." As he said this, he chopped off the head of the moon goddess Coyolxauhqui and dismembered her body into many pieces (as shown in Figure 25). In this way, Coyolxauhqui, an emerging Mount Ararat, immediately became one of Atl-anti-s (Atlantis means Atlantic rebels) and sank to the bottom of the Atlantic Ocean.



插图23是公元七世纪墨西哥的帕卡尔（Pakal）王的棺材盖板，显示特拉洛克（又名金童，狮子）在得知神父过世的信息后，体内发生了爆炸，堕入了地狱（即患了精神病），如狮子头在火匣中所表示。整幅图像似人在操纵一部机器，表明特拉洛克在地狱中觉悟到了 “五逆和十恶罪” 是对心理机制的逆操作，从而他觉悟到了人神契约（参见16.2节）。

Illustration 23 is the coffin cover of King Pakal of Mexico in the seventh century CE., showing that after learning about the death of his godfather, Tlaloc (also known as the Golden Child, Jaguar) exploded inside his body and fell into hell (i.e., he became mentally ill), as represented by the Jaguar's head in the firebox. The whole image looks like a person operating a machine, indicating that Tlaloc realized in hell that the "five anti crimes and ten ferocious deeds" are the reverse operation of mind mechanism, thus he realized The Covenant Ark (see Section 16.2).

13.1.1.2 上品十恶 Top Ten Ferocities

本文从对境增上，对烦恼心增上，和对所作事增上，这三个方面来辨别地狱趣。

（一）对心理环境增上，如杀父、弑母、出神身血、杀阿罗汉、破和合僧；再如毁盗宗教常住物，欺诳君父师长等。

（二）对烦恼心增上，如极重嗔缠，猛利嗔愤等。

（三）对事增上，如数数杀生，数数偷盗，数数邪见，日积月累不改悔等。

以要言之，纯从分别见惑所发恶业，名为上品十恶，是地狱因。

This article identifies the hellish interest in terms of the three aspects of the escalation to environments of heart, the escalation to vexatious heart, and the escalation to affairs.

(1) Escalation to the psychological environments, such as killing father, killing mother, bleeding God, killing Ararat, breaking the production of godly trinity; and destroying or stealing religious permanent relics, deceiving leader of the state, father, and teachers, etc.

(2) Escalation to vexatious heart, such as extremely heavy irritable entanglement, extremely ferocious hate, and indignation, etc.

(3) Escalation to affairs, such as again and again killing sentients, again and again stealing and robbing, again and again being heretical, accumulating days and months without repentance, etc.

To summarize, the ferocious karmas that arise purely from the discriminative view muddles are called the Top Ten Ferocities, and it is the cause of hell.

13.1.1.3 八寒八热地狱 Eight Cold and Eight Hot Hells

地狱有八寒，八热大地狱，一百零八游增地狱等说法。八寒八热等大狱，各有眷属，其类无数。此狱众生，随其作业轻重，经劫不定。罪重者，一日之中，数十次生死劫难。寿命不定，极长者可达一劫。

地狱趣的寿命怎么这么长？前文说了，大千世界谈的是业，业相互熏染，可存活数十、百年，例如传统（也是业）能流传数千年。

There are eight cold great hells, eight hot great hells, and 108 temporary supplement hells. Eight cold and eight hot great hells, each has its own families and affiliations, categories are countless. The sentient beings in the prisons, depending on the severity of their karma makings, experience uncertain. Those who have committed serious crimes suffer dozens of death-and-alive disasters in one day. Their lifespans are uncertain, the extremely long one can reach a catastrophe.

Why do hell interests have such a long lifespan? As mentioned earlier, what the world is talking about is karma, and karma infects each other, can survive for tens or hundreds of years. For example, traditions (also karmas) can be passed down for thousands of years.

八寒地狱 Eight Cold Hells

（一）疱，寒苦触身，如疮疱故。

（二）疱裂，谓寒苦所逼，疱即拆裂也。

（三）阿吒吒，谓寒苦增极，舌作此声也。

（四）阿波波，谓寒苦增极，唇作此声也。

(1) Blister, cold bitter touches their bodies, like sores, hence the hell gets the name.

(2) Blister Cracking, that means that Blisters are forced by cold bitterness, the blisters burst immediately, hence the hell gets the name.

(3) Azhazha, it is said that due to the cold bitters, the tongue makes this sounds.

(4) Abobo, it is said that the cold bitters are increasing, the lips make this sounds.

（五）呕喉，谓寒苦增极，喉作此声也。

（六）青莲花，谓寒逼皮肉开拆，色似此花也。

（七）红莲花，谓寒逼肉色大拆，似此花也。

（八）白莲花，谓寒逼皮肉脱落，骨色似此花也。

(5) Ouhoho, it is said that the cold bitters are increasing to their extreme, the throat makes this sounds.

(6) Turquoise Lotus Flower, saying that being forced by coldness, skins crack and fleshes are exposed, the colors are like the flower.

(7) Red Lotus Flower, saying that being forced by coldness, fleshes are torn apart, just like this flower.

(8) White Lotus Flower, saying that being forced by coldness, skins and fleshes are falling off, the bones’ colors are like this flower.

八热地狱 Eight Hot Hells

（一）等活，谓其中众生，互相嗔忿，斫剌磨捣，死已复活，活已复死。

（二）黑绳，如世人以锯解木，此狱狱卒以黑绳劈锯罪犯，故此得名黑绳地狱。

（三）众合，众山四合，碎身成尘，故而得名。

（四）嚎叫，把罪犯置于大镬中，沸汤烹煮，罪犯号啕叫唤，故而得名号叫地狱。

(1) Equal Alive, means that all living beings in it are angry with each other, being stabbed and tortured; the dead have been resurrected, and the living die again.

(2) Black Rope, like daily life people sawing wood by a saw, the jailers saw criminals with a black rope, so it is called the Black Rope Hell.

(3) Crowds Gathering, crowds of mountains are gathering toward those criminals, their bodies are squashed into dusts, hence the hell gets the name.

（五）大嚎叫，把狱犯放在热铁鏊中，受煎熬苦，狱犯急极切大叫，故名。

（六）炎热，谓烈火猛焰，烧炙糜烂，故名。

（七）炙热，谓置于火中，内外烧害，故名。

（八）无间地狱，谓受苦无有间歇也。无间有五义：一者趣果无间，谓有极重罪者，向此地狱接近，受其果报，无有间歇；二者受苦无间，谓在此狱，受诸痛苦，无有间歇；三者时无间，谓此狱中，众生在一切时节都受苦，无有间歇；四者命无间，谓此地狱，生而复死，死已还生，无有间歇；五者形无间，谓此地狱，受罪众生，生死往复，身形瞬变，无有间歇。

(4) Howling, the criminals are put in a big wok, are boiled together with the soup, those criminals are desperately howling, hence the hell get the name.

(5) Great Howling, the prisoners are put into the hot iron griddle, let them suffer being fried and boiled, those prisoners are desperately howling, hence the name.

(6) Flaming Hot, means that criminals are roasted by raging fire and fierce flames, whole bodies are eroding, hence the name.

(7) Red-Hot, means that those prisoners are put in fires, Internal and external all burns, hence the name.

(8) Non-intermission Hell means suffering without a break. Non-intermission has five significances. First significance is succeeding interest’s fruits are non-intermission, the saying is that those who have committed extremely serious crimes approach this hell and receive its retribution fruits without intermission. Secondly, in the hell, the receiving bitter is non-intermission. Thirdly, in the hell, prisoners are tortured all the time, non-intermission. Fourth, life is non-intermission. The saying is that in the hell, death after birth, birth after death repeatedly, non-intermission. Fifth is form non-intermission, means that in this hell, sentient beings are suffering birth and death continuously none stop, and their bodily forms transforms instantly, non-intermission.

13.1.2 畜生趣 Livestock Interest (Fig. 13.1.2-21)

畜生，性鲁钝，不能自立，只能被畜养于人类（如插图13.1.2-21，23，24），故得此名，如禽兽鱼虫等。作恶业愚痴多之众生感生此道。在三恶道中，畜生趣亦作血途，谓畜生之类互相撕咬、吞食。作中品十恶者，感此道生。此处约境、约心、约事来辨别畜生趣。

（一）境中品者，如杀鬼畜，盗鬼畜物等。

（二）心中品者，烦恼不轻，亦不极猛利等。

（三）事中品者，或作再三等。

以要言之，杂从见爱烦恼所发恶业，名为中品十恶，故是畜生因。爱的第一分（参见11.1 法的四分）是贪，爱烦恼泛指一切思惑（参见14.3《烦恼的数》中的81品思惑）。

Livestock, reckless dull in nature, unable to live on their own, can only be raised by humans (as shown in Illustration 13.1.2-21, 23, 24), hence the name, such as fowl, beast, fish, insect, etc. Sentient beings who have done ferocious karma and have many fools are inductively born on this path. Among the three evil paths, Livestock interest is path of blood, that is, livestock and the like bite and devour each other. The middle grade of ten ferocities give birth to this interest, here, associating with environment, with heart, and with affair to distinguish the livestock interest.

(1) The middle grade of ferocious environments, are such as killing ghost and livestock, stealing ghosts’ and livestock’s properties, etc.

(2) Middle grade of ferocious heart, has annoyances not light, nor is extremely fierce and sharp, etc.

(3) Middle grade of ferocious affair, or do it again, repeatedly, etc.

In brief, the evil karma randomly arising from the love vexation is called the ten ferocities of the middle grade and is therefore the cause of the livestock. The first juristic quadrant (see section 11.1 Juristic Quadrants) of love is greed, and the love annoyance generalizes to all the mean muddles (see section 14.3 for the significances of mean muddle).



畜生趣遍在诸处，两足四足，多足无足，水陆空行，互相吞啖。此道有情多愚痴贪欲。种类至繁，无量无数，兹约数义以括之：

（一）就形言，有披毛戴角鳞甲等之别。

（二）就依处言，有水陆空行等之别。

（三）就陆地言，重者土内，中者山林，轻者人所畜养。

（四）就昼夜言，谓昼行、夜行、昼夜行者。

Livestock interests are everywhere, with two legs, four legs, multi legs and legless, moving on land in water and in air, devouring each other. Sentients in this path are foolish, ignorant, and greedy. The variety is extremely numerous, immeasurable, and innumerable, and the approximate categories are summarized here:

First, in terms of form, there are differences among wearing hairs, horns, and scale armors.

Second, in terms of reliant place, there are differences such as moving in water, on land, and in air, etc.

Third, in terms of land, the heavy one is in the soil, the middle one is in the mountains and forests, and the light one is raised by people.

Fourth, as far as day and night are concerned, they are called day walkers, night walkers, and day and night walkers.

（五）就强弱言，强者伏弱，饮血啖肉，互相吞啖，怖畏百端。

（六）就寿命言，寿限多无定限，其极长者，可达一劫。

（七）就胜劣言，虽属旁生，由福德力，或为龙王、狮子王、金翅鸟王等。

（八）就生出言，有胎生、卵生、湿生、化生等。

（九）就趣报言， 此道遍于六道（即六趣）。

Fifth, as far as the strong and the weak are concerned, the strong conquers the weak, drinks blood and eats flesh, devours each other, horribly fearsome in many ways.

Sixth, as far as the lifespans are concerned, their lifespans are uncertain, and those who are extremely long have a catastrophe.

Seventh, as far as superiority and inferiority are concerned, although they belong to side born creatures, due to fortunate virtuous power, they may be dragon kings, lion kings, golden eagle kings, etc.

Eighth, as far as birth is concerned, there are womb birth, egg birth, wet birth, conversion birth, etc.

Ninth, as far as interest compensations are concerned, this path is pervasive in the six paths, which are hell path, livestock path, hungry ghost path, asura path, human path, and sky path.

13.1.3 饿鬼趣 Hungry Ghost Interest (Fig.13.1.3-20)

契经描述说，饿鬼趣人缺乏信心，所以总是饥饿难耐。他们发现了食物，吃的时候认为，此物可果腹；吃完了，他们又什么都不信了，信心只有舌头那么长。恶鬼总是居于草木荒芜，饥荒瘟疫横行的世界，天空中没有希望。恶鬼的鬼字是说他们不会在光天化日之下做事，他们做生意正常人看不见。

饿鬼亦遍诸趣，有福德者，作诸处神；无福德者，居不净处，常受饥饿，其苦无量。就出生而言，饿鬼有胎生、卵生、湿生、化生。恶鬼经劫无数，寿量亦不定，极长者可达人间的千岁。在三恶道中，恶鬼亦作刀途，是说他们常常携枪持刀，常受刀箭逼迫，如图13.1.3-20。用现代的话说，他们喜欢携枪带炮，所以常常被炸弹和自杀式无人机炸。

Harmony Sutras describe that hungry ghosts lack faith, so they are always hungry. When they discovered food and eat it, they believe it can ease their hunger; after eating, they believe nothing again. Their faith was only as long as their tongues. Hungry ghosts always live in a world where vegetation is barren, famine and plague are rampant, and there is no hope in the sky. The word ghost for hungry ghosts means that they do not do things in broad daylight, doing business is invisible to normal people.

Hungry ghosts are also present in all places. Those with merit are gods in various places; those without merit live in filthy places, where they are often hungry and suffer immeasurably. In terms of birth, hungry ghosts are born in the womb, in the egg, in the wet, and in the conversion. Hungry ghosts undergo countless disasters, and their lifespan varies, the longest ones can reach a thousand years of human even a catastrophe. Among the Three Ferocious Paths, the hungry ghost interest is Sword Path, which means that they often carry clubs and knives, therefore they are often arrowed upon, as shown in Fig. 13.1.3-20. In modern parlance, hungry ghosts like to carry guns and artillery, so they often get bombed and suicide drones.



插图35表明恶鬼常常被讥笑、谩骂、和殴打，所以他们总是充满怨恨和恼火。图36表明由于贪嗔痴的增上作用，饿鬼生活在贫瘠的土地上，而且总是处于风暴、地震、瘟疫、通货膨胀和战争之中。

Illustration 35 shows that hungry ghost is often ridiculed, abused, and beaten, so they are always full of resentment and annoyances. Illustration 36 shows that hungry ghosts live on barren land and are always amid tornados, earthquakes, pestilence, inflation, and wars due to the escalatory effects of greed irritability and ignorance.

图40是欧洲人殖民美洲年代，一群西班牙饿鬼在抢劫墨西哥的富人。图42是古墨西哥给西班牙的投降书（《Lienzo de Tlaxala》，约在公元1552年）；笔者卢岩将其核心（如图41）翻译如下：标题是《翠玉女戳破泥血歌利王的圈套》（如41-1所示）。饿鬼对翠玉女说： “你们现在已经没有有能力作战的男人了；你翠玉女作为众生之母可以代表墨西哥向我们投降。告诉我，我们是怎样征服你们的？” 图42中大部分的图画表现的是大屠杀。翠玉女（即现在墨西哥国旗上的那只鹰或凤凰，是夏娃，是不可战胜的）说： “（图41-2）你们的青松石王子（即造物主，上帝）被毒品感染了，只知道索取。（41-3）抢夺来的财物是你们的镣铐，（41-4）你们是生活在这强盗所得的土地和房屋之中的囚徒。（41-5）你们给我们的 “意思食” （Mana，上帝赐予的食物，教法）让我们生病，变得弱小而堕入地下。（41-6）你们束缚了我们的四肢，囚禁了我们的身体，（41-7）但我们的灵魂是自由的。我的佣女们瞧不起你们。”

Figure 40 shows a group of Spanish hungry ghosts looting wealthy Mexicans during the European colonization of the Americas. Figure 42 is the surrender of ancient Mexico to Spain (Lienzo de Tlaxala, circa 1552 C.E.); the author Adam Luyan translates its core (as in Figure 41) below: The title is "Chalchiuhtlicue Penetrates through the Trap of King Mud-blood Song-Profit" (as shown in 41-1). The Hungry Ghost said: "You have no men capable of fighting now; you, Chalchiuhtlicue, as Mother of All Livings can surrender to us on behalf of Mexico. Tell me, how did we conquer you?" Most of the drawings in Figure 42 show the massacres. Chalchiuhtlicue (that is the eagle or phoenix that is now on the Mexican flag, is Eve, is invincible) replied: "(Fig. 41-2 shows) Your Prince of Turquoise (i.e., Creator, God) is infected with opium poppy and only knows to fetch. (Fig. 41-3) The looted possessions are your shackles, (Fig. 41-4) You are prisoners living in the land and houses obtained by robbery. (41-5) The "mean food" (i.e., mana, God-given food, teachings) you give us makes us weak, sick, and fall into the underground. (41-6) You have bound our limbs and imprisoned our flesh bodies, (41-7) but our spirits are free. My maids despise you."

作下品十恶者，感此道生，可约境，约心，约事来辨别。

（一）境下品者，夺人天命，盗人天物等。

（二）心下品者，微小贪嗔等。

（三）事下品者，或偶一作，或旋知悔改等。

以要言之，但从任运烦恼所起恶业，名为下品十恶，故是饿鬼因。

Those who commit the Ten Lower Grade Ferocities can be identified by their environments, hearts, and affairs.

First, environments of the lower grade, taking the lives of human and sky, stealing assets from humans and skies, etc.

Second, hearts of the lower grade, with a little greed and irritability etc.

Thirdly, affairs of the lower grade, doing occasionally, or repenting of in a moment, and so on.

To summarize, the ferocious karmas arising from the randomly consequentially annoyances, are named as the ten lower ferocities, therefore, those are the causes of hungry ghosts.

恶鬼的种类繁多，大别有三种九类：

（壹）无财鬼，言无财者以不得饮食故，有三类：（一）炬口，谓于口中，常出猛焰；（二）针咽，头腹如山，咽喉如针；（三）臭口，口如臭尸。

（贰）少财鬼，言少财者，以少得饮食故，有三类：（一）针毛，身毛如针，还自刺身，出血而食；（二）臭毛，身毛臭秽；（三）大瘿，项中有瘿，以手抉脓，还自食。

（叁）多财鬼，言多财者以多得饮食故，有三类：（一）得弃，常得弃食；（二）得失，常得遗失之食；（三）势力，此复有三：（1）夜叉，亦作勇健暴恶贵人，有三种，在地，在天，在虚空；（2）罗刹，亦作可畏食人鬼；恶鬼之通名也；（3）啖精鬼，食人精气之鬼也。

There are many kinds of hungry ghosts, roughly three categories nine types:

First, ghosts without wealth, who are said to be without wealth because they can not gain food and drink, are of three kinds: (1) torch mouth, which is said to be in the mouth, often emitting fierce flames; (2) needle throat, which is like a mountain in the head and abdomen, but like a needle in the throat; and (3) stinking mouth, which is like the mouth of a stinking corpse.

Second, less wealth ghosts, said less wealth, because they get less food and drink, there are three types: (a) needle hair, body hairs like needles, but also self-pricked body, bleeding, and they eat those; (b) stinking hairs, body hairs stinks foul; (c) big galls, galls in the neck, with the hand to choose the pus, and eat those.

Third, much wealth ghosts, said much wealth, because they get more food and drink, have three types: (1) to get abandoned, often get abandoned food; (2) to get lost, often get lost food; (3) the potential power, further divided into three types: (A) Valiant Ferocious Nobles, again three types of: On Land, In Air, and At Empty; (B) Rakshasa, is a common name for all hungry ghosts, is also known as the Fearful Man-eating Ghost; (C) munching sperm ghost, the type of ghosts particularly loves to suck and chew the essences of the human body.

13.1.4 修罗趣 Asura Interest (Fig. 13.1.4-19)

梵语阿修罗，即欧洲世界的泰坦，汉译作非天、非类、不端正。据说每当阿修罗吃到最后一口时，嘴里的食物总是变成泥巴。虽福报邻天，却无德享受，故曰非天。但从烦恼来说，尤甚于人，故在三善道中被列在人趣之下。修罗趣人好诤、好战斗，怕怖无极。（注，诤是好意劝谏义，是一切暴乱的起因。）

The Sanskrit word Asura, which is the Titan of the European world, is translated in Chinese as non-sky, non-category, and non-decency. It is said that whenever Asura eats the last bite, the food in his mouth always turns into mud. Although they are fortunate with the neighboring sky, they have no virtue to enjoy, so they are called non-sky. Only from the point of view of annoyance, especially inferior to human beings, so in the three benevolent paths, Asuras are classified as below the human interest. Asuras are good at expostulation and fight, extremely fearsome. (Annotation, expostulation means admonition, earnest and kindly protest; and is the cause of all riots.)



在因之时，怀猜忌心，虽能行善，为欲胜他。作下品十善，感此道生。辨别下品十善，亦约境、约心、约事说。

（一）对境增上，仅能于顺境保护身口意行为。

（二）约心来说，悠悠缓缓，或夹杂贪、嗔、痴等烦恼。

（三）约事来说，偶尔为善，不广大，不久积。

以要言之，虽能行十善戒，烦恼尚多，故是阿修罗趣的因。

At the time of the cause, with a suspicious jealous heart, although one is able to perform benevolences, but they desire to win over others. The ten benevolences of the lower grade led to the birth of this path. Identifying the lower ten benevolences is also to say from environment, heart, and affair.

First, escalation to environment, one can only protect bodily, oral, and intentional behaviors in the favorable situation.

Second, escalation to heart, leisurely and slowly, or mixed with greed, irritability, ignorance, etc. annoyances.

Thirdly, in terms of affairs, occasionally do benevolence, not extensive, and no accumulation for long term.

In summary, although one can practice the ten benevolent precepts, still has many annoyances, therefore, is the cause of Asura interest.

阿修罗种类颇难细列，兹以四类别之。

（一）畜修罗，从卵而生，畜生趣摄。

（二）鬼修罗，从湿气有，鬼趣所摄。

（三）人修罗，从胎而出，人趣所摄。

（四）天修罗，从变化有，天趣所摄。

佛悉知是人，悉见也是人。佛教中所说的湿生是指富有而吝啬的家庭成员，泥血。卵生是指王族的家庭成员，是从虱子卵出生的，秽血。化生是通过学习和修练，改变异生性（参见11.4.4.2 不相应行法）而形成的，如佛，菩萨，和道教中的真人等都是从修练的转变而来。

It is difficult to list the types of Asuras in detail, so classify them into four categories.

(1) Livestock Asuras, are born from eggs, and are assimilated by Livestock Interests.

(2) Ghost Asuras, come from moisture, and are assimilated by hungry Ghost Interests.

(3) Human Asuras, are born from wombs, and are assimilated by human interests.

(4) Sky Asuras, come from transformations and conversions, and are assimilated by sky interests.

Buddha knows all that is human and sees all that is human. In Buddhism, Wet Born refers to the family members of the rich but stingy, mud blood. Egg Born refers to the royal family members, born from lice eggs, filthy blood. Conversion Birth is formed through learning and cultivation, changing mutant nature (see 11.4.4.2 Noncorresponding Migration Laws) to have. For example, Buddha, Bodhisattva, and Taoist real-human are all transformed through study and practice.

13.1.5 人趣 Human Interest (Fig. 13.1.5-18)

人，此说为意，因凡人所作，意图和计划在先。人趣，亦作人道，因为此类众生在因之时能行五戒。五戒是：（一）不杀生，（二）不偷盗，（三）不邪淫，（四）不妄语，（五）不饮酒。人的生活是苦乐相间。作中品十善者，感此道生。下文略辨中品十善。

（一）约境说，唯于顺境和不顺不逆的环境中能守护身口意三业。

（二）约心说，善念淳熟，但未猛利。

（三）约事说，或数为小善，或偶为胜善。

以要言之，有施有戒，是人道因。

Human, here says intent because whatever a human does, intention or plan goes first. Human interest, also known as human path, because they could perform five precepts when they were on their causes. The five precepts are: 1. Do not kill, 2. Do not steal, 3. Do not engage in heretical sexual conduct, 4. Do not lie, and 5. Do not drink alcohol. Human life is a mixture of bitter and laugh. The ten benevolences of the middle grade led to rebirth of sentients in this path. The following is a brief identification of Ten Benevolences of the middle grade.

(1) Aggregating heart’s environments to say, human can protect bodily karma, oral karma, and intentional karma in enjoyable environment and in neither enjoyable nor adverse circumstances.

(2) Aggregating heart to say, human being is with pure and matured good wills, but not bravely to do.

(3) Aggregating affair to say, humans do small goods again and again, occasionally do great good.

Generally, having donations and precepts, are reasons for the human path.

13.1.5-2 四大洲 Four Big Continents

人有四大洲、八中洲等分别。什么是这里说的洲？即大量的身土，即大量的尘刹土（参见14.1节），即大量的色尘、声尘、香尘、味尘、触尘、和法尘， 即许多感知或觉， 如插图13.1.5所说的三千大千世界是由十亿尘刹土构成的。下面先说四大洲。

There are four great continents, eight medium continents, and other distinctions among human beings. What are the continents spoken of here? That is, a great deal of body-soils, that is, a great deal of dust-instant-soils (cf. section 14.1), that is, a great deal of color-dust, sound-dust, scent-dust, taste-dust, touch-dust, and juristic-dust, that is, a great deal of perceptions or sensations, as in Illustration 13.1.5, which says that the Great Grand Worlds are made up of a billion dust-instant-soils. Let’s talk about the four big continents first.



一）东胜身洲，胜身是说此法于一切法中最为胜者。胜身洲在须弥颅山东，其土东狭西广，形如半月，纵广六千由旬。由旬是梵语Yojana，是脖子上挂着金刚铃的牛的一天的行程。其土中央有一大树名梭罗，高及覆盖二十七由旬。人面亦如半月之形，身长三肘半，衣广中七肘，上下三肘半。寿二百岁，多有夭亡。注13.1.5-1，衣，如九结，五盖，八缠，参见14.2节。

1. East Victorious Body Continent, Victorious Body is saying that their bodily form is the most victorious among all laws. Victorious Body Continent is located on the eastern side of Mount Sumeru. Its landform east narrow west wide, like a crescent, length and breadth are 6,000 yojanas. Yojana is a Sanskrit distance unit, is one day walking distance by a cow with a Philosopher-Stone bell under neck. There is a great tree, name Sal Fasullo, in its center; its height and covers up 27 yojanas. The human face is also in the shape of a half moon, body height is 3.5 cubits, clothes’ length and breadth are 7 cubits to their center, 3.5 cubits above and 3.5 cubits below. The life expectancy of a human being is 200 years, with many premature deaths. Annotation 1, clothes, such as 9 ties, 5 covers, 8 coils, see section 14.2.

二）北俱颅洲，亦作胜处、高上。胜处是说，此洲人果报甚胜，胜其它三洲。高上是说此洲人寿定满千岁，死后必然升于三十三天（见插图13.1.5-14），化乐天（如图-10）等处。俱颅洲在须弥颅山北，其土正方，犹如池沼，纵广八千由旬。洲中有一大树，名阿摩罗，其树根入地下九由旬，树冠高达十八由旬，枝叶覆盖二十五由旬。有一树林名男人；有一树林名女人。北洲人面像其地形。身长七肘，衣广中十四肘，上下七肘。人寿一千岁；命无中夭。

2. North Skull Occupant Continent, alias Victorious Place, Going Up, Victorious Place means that people in the continent receive victorious recompense fruits, which are more victorious than other three continents. Going Up is saying that people in this continent can live 1,000 years, and they rise to Thirty-Three skies (see fig 13.1.5-14), Conversion-Laugh sky (see fig. -10), etc. after death. Skull Occupant Continent is in the north of Mount Sumer-head, and form is a square, like a swamp, 8,000 yojanas in length and breadth. Middle of the continent, there is a big tree named Immaculateness. Its roots penetrate the ground for nine yojanas, its crown reaches 9 yojanas, and its branches and leaves cover 25 yojanas. There is a forest named man, and a forest named woman. The human face of north continent resembles its topography, their body height is 7 cubits, clothes’ length and breadth are 14 cubits to their center, 7 cubits above and 7 cubits below. The life expectancy of a human being is 1,000 years without premature death.

三）西牛惑洲，因洲中央有一一由旬高的大石牛而得名。牛惑洲在须弥颅山西，其土形如满月，纵广七千由旬。此洲多牛羊，亦多珠玉。人面亦如满月，身长三肘半，衣广中七肘，上下三肘半。寿三百岁，多有夭亡。

3. West Cow-Muddle Continent, named after a yojana-high stone cow in the center of the continent. Cow-Muddles Continent is in the west of Mount Sumeru. Its soil shapes like a full moon, and its length and breadth are 7,000 yojanas. There are many cattle and sheep on this continent, as well as pearls and jade. The human face is also like the full moon, and body height is 3.5 cubits, clothes’ length and breadth are 7 cubits to its center, 3.5 cubits above and 3.5 cubits below. Life expectancy is 300 years, with many premature deaths.

四）南瞻部洲，此洲多树，从洲中央的一棵严父树而得名。其树根入地下九由旬，树冠高十八由旬，枝叶覆盖二十五由旬。树下多金，人称严父金。瞻部洲在须弥山南，其土梯形，北广南狭，纵广六千由旬。人面亦像其地形；身长三肘半，衣广中七肘，上下三肘半。寿量不定，增劫时寿可达二百五十岁，减劫时寿不满十岁，寿最长可至无量。南洲人根性猛力，易升易堕。

4. South Admiring-Subordinates Continent, the continent has many trees, named after a Strict-Father tree in center of the continent. Its roots penetrate the ground for nine yojanas, its crown is 18 yojanas high, and its branches and leaves cover 25 yojanas. There is a lot of gold under the tree, known as Strict-Father gold. Admiring-Subordinates Continent is in the south of Mount Sumer-head. Its soil is trapezoidal, wide in the north and narrow in the south, and 6,000 yojanas in length and breadth. The human face also resembles its topography; body height is 3.5 cubits. Clothes’ length and breadth are 7 cubits to its center, 3.5 cubits above and 3.5 cubits below. The amount of lifespan is uncertain. In increasing catastrophe, their life span can reach 250 years; but in decreasing catastrophe, their life span is less than 10 years. The longest life span can be infinite. People’s root nature in Admiring-Subordinates Continent are brave and sharp, easy to rise and fall.

插图13.1.5-18代表着人的 “八中洲”，亦作 “八大金刚”，“人样儿”， “忍渡”（参见17.3-9至-18节），是墨西哥（约公元1325年）画的。他是用自己的肠子来表现忍渡的。他的肠子有什么特别的？墨西哥和本文的须弥颅山一样，也是一位金童，亚当，特拉洛克，释迦摩尼佛，大黑天（即世界末日判官），众生之父。插图-1至-22就是他大审判的结果，也述说了他成佛的心路。

Illustration 13.1.5-18 represents the "eight middle continents" of a human, also known as “Eight Philosopher-Stone Giants”, "human’s appearance" and "Countenance Ark" (cf. sections 17.3-9 to -18), was painted by Mexico (c. C.E. 1325). He was using his own intestines to represent the Countenance Ark. What is so special about his intestines? Mexico is same with Mount Sumeru of this article, is a Gold Boy, Adam, Tlaloc, Shakyamuni Buddha, Great Black Sky (i.e., the judger of the doomsday), and the father of all beings. Illustrations -1 to -22 are the results of his great trial and describe his psychological journey to becoming a Buddha.

插图-11显示：翠玉女的脸被舍利王用作饵挂在了鱼钩上；旁边笑眯眯的，不咬钩的半月脸就代表墨西哥。那最后舍利王钓到墨西哥了吗？图-18，墨西哥的肠子显示，他吃了翠玉女，消化不了，又吐不出来，因为翠玉女（玉女，夏娃）是女神，无形，没肉，却充满了尖锐的碎片，把他的肠子搅烂了。所以墨西哥向舍利王投降了，娶了他的女儿翠玉女，继承了舍利王的王位，改朝换代，开创了墨西哥帝国。墨西哥和翠玉女就成为了墨西哥人的始祖。插图23是墨西哥抱着他和翠玉女所生的儿子。插图24是墨西哥正在设计图-1至-22，这根生命之树的树干。

Illustration-11 shows that the face of Chalchiuhtlicue was used as bait on the hook by King Huitzilopochtli; the smiling crescent face next to it, which does not bite the hook, represents Mexico. So, did Huitzilopochtli catch Mexico in the end? Figure-18, Mexico's intestines show that he ate Chalchiuhtlicue (Jade Girl, Eve), couldn't digest her, and couldn't spit her out because she is a goddess, formless, fleshless, but full of sharp debris that churned up his intestines. So, Mexico surrendered, married Chalchiuhtlicue, inherited the throne of Huitzilopochtli, changed the dynasty, and started Mexican Empire. Mount Mexico and Chalchiuhtlicue then became primogenitor of Mexicans. Illustration 23 shows Mexico holding the son born to him and Chalchiuhtlicue. Illustration 24 shows Mexico designing Figures-1 through -22, the trunk of the Tree of Life.

13.1.5-3 性生活 Sexual Life

至于婚姻嫁娶和性爱之事，地狱众生都很忙，少有做爱的兴致，婚嫁亦少。饿鬼，畜生，阿修罗，东胜身洲，西牛惑洲和南瞻部洲的众生，婚姻和性爱都如人世。

北俱颅洲人无我及我所，没有守护者（注，即自我防卫心）；男女若此情彼愿，便相随至合欢树下。若彼男女非父女，母子，兄妹等，合欢树便生出床铺，垂下枝叶。彼之男女欢娱受乐，随意所作，事后分离，各奔前程。其女若孕，七日即便产生；安置婴儿于四衢道中，捨之而去。彼处四方路人，为欲养育彼婴儿故，各将手指置于彼婴儿口中。彼等指头既出甘乳。如是七日，彼婴儿长成彼一种身量。若是男子，即随男伴；若女便与女伴相逐而去。由是因缘，俱颅洲人没有婚嫁。

As for marriages and sex matters, hell beings are very busy and have little interest in sex and marriages. Hungry Ghosts, Livestock, Asuras, people in east Victorious Body Continent, in west Cow-Muddle Continent, and in south Admiring-Subordinates Continent, all the sentient beings’ marriage and sex are just like the human world.

People in North Skull Occupant Continent have no ego and belongings, no guardian (annotation, that is, heart of self-defences); if men and women love each other, they will follow each other under the Combine-Happiness tree. If the man and woman are not father and daughter, mother and son, brother, and sister, etc., the Combine-Happiness tree will produce beds and hang down its branches and leaves. The men and women have fun, do whatever they want, and then separate and go their separate ways. If the woman is pregnant, she gives birth within seven days, place the baby in the road crossing, and leave it. Passers-by in all directions put their fingers in the mouth of the baby to raise the baby. Their fingers have produced honeydew. After seven days, that baby grows into that stature. If it is a man, it will follow the male companion; if it is a woman, it will chase away with the female companion. Because of the reason and aggregative factors, people in Skull-Occupant Continent have no marriage.

六欲天中，婚丧嫁娶亦如人世，但彼处众生注重意乐，多有拥抱，执手，瞬目等性行为，性器官的接触较人世少。色界（如插图-5至-8所示）和无色界（如图-4至-1）的众生，没有味触，香触和身触的情感，所以他们没有男女性方面的差别，当然就没有性行为和婚嫁之事。

In the Six Desire-Skies, weddings and funerals are just like the human world, but those sentients stress intentional laughs, there are more sexual behaviors such as hugging, holding hands, admiringly looking at each other, etc., and the contact with sexual organs is less than that in the human world. Sentient beings in Color Boundary (see figs. -5 to -8), and Colorless Boundary (see figs. -4 to -1) have no feelings of smell taste and bodily touch, so they don’t differ male and female, certainly they don’t have sextual conducts and marriage.

13.1.6 欲天趣 Desire Sky Interest (Fig. 13.1.6.0-17 to 9)

欲天趣包括六位天，分别是四王天、三十三天、时分天、知足天、化乐天、他化天。佛教以无意识的纯净部分为天，天是清净义，深奥知识义；以无意识的污染部分为地，以烦恼为地。若论福德，六欲天与诸天为一趣，而饮食、男女、睡眠三事，则与前五趣相同。故论六趣，则六欲天为天趣；论三界，则属欲界。

Desire Sky Interest includes six skies, namely, four-king skies, thirty-three skies, hour minute sky, contentment sky, converted laugh sky, and other convert sky. Buddhism regards the immaculate part of unconsciousness as sky, which means quiet and profound knowledge; and regards the maculate part of unconsciousness as earth, regards annoyances as earth. In the aspect of fortune and virtue, the six desire skies are the same one interest with those skies, while on the three affairs of food sex and sleep, then they are same with the preceding five interests. Therefore, in terms of six interests, the six desire skies belong to sky interest; in terms of three boundaries, they belong to desire boundary.

此约境、心、和事来辨别欲天趣。

（一）对心境增上方面，普于顺境、逆境和不顺不逆境中守护身、口、意三业。

（二）从心的方面来说，做善事，淳至猛利。

（三）从事而言，常作善事，但不甚广大，不甚久远。

以要言之，虽属十善道业，犹属散善，故为欲天趣因。

Here aggregates environment heart and affair to identify the desire sky interest.

First, in respect of escalation to environment, generally one can protect bodily karma, oral karma, and intentional karma in enjoyable, adverse, and neither enjoyable nor adverse environment.

Second, in the respect of heart, one can do benevolences purely, vigorously.

Third, in the respect of affair, always doing benevolent affairs, but not very vastly and not very long.

Generally, even though those deeds belong to ten benevolent path karmas, still belong to scattered benevolences, and are therefore the cause of desire sky interest.

13.1.6.0 中土之门 Juristic Door to Middle Earth (fig. 13.1.6.0-17, 16, 15)

插图13.1.6.0-33是佛教的中土，是在须弥颅山或罗汉山之中。须弥颅山是须弥颅的头，即释迦摩尼的头颅；山是尊称，表明此头贵重。罗汉即罗汉果，参见15.2.6节。古墨西哥文化中对中土的说法与佛教相同，中土位于墨西哥山，即特拉洛克的头颅之中，如图45、44、43、42、39、和36。古墨西哥中土的象形文字是插图37，即是四罗汉果中的前三果。

Illustration 13.1.6.0-33 is the Buddhist Middle earth, which is amid Mount Sumeru or Mount Ararat. Mount Sumeru is the head of Sumeru, i.e., the head of Shakyamuni. Mountain is an honorific term indicating the value of this head. Mount Ararat is fame for the fourth fruit sage (see section 15.2.6). Ancient Mexican culture spoke of Middle Earth in the same way as Buddhism. Middle Earth is in the Mount Mexico which is the head of Mexico (a Tlaloc), as shown in Figs. 45, 44, 43, 42, 39, and 36. Hieroglyphics for Middle Earth in ancient Mexico are illustrated in Illustration 37; the three prickly pears represent the first three of the four shamanic fruits.



阻碍尘世人重返中土的是天门山，如图16所示的两座正在喷发的火山。天门山的本质是受蕴和想蕴（参见11.4.2节）。受蕴是所取，想蕴是能取；随着生活，人就积累了这两座山一样的取习气，从而日夜操劳，不得休息。古人用人中（如图40所示）的运动来代表人的身体、语言、和意识的活动，所以是两座天门山生长的根源，故名山根（如图17所示）。而身口意的活动是祖宗进出宗庙的门，故名祖窍（如图17和35所示）。

What prevents mundane people from returning to Middle Earth are the Sky Door Mountains, the two erupting volcanoes shown in Figure 16. The nature of the Sky Door Mountains is the acceptance node and think node (see Section 11.4.2). The acceptance node is the being fetched, and the think node is the capable to fetch. Along lives, one accumulates these two mountain-like habits of fetch, thus working day and night without rest. The ancients used the movement of the “human middle” (shown in Fig. 40) to represent the activities of the human body, speech, and intention, and so is the root for which the two Sky Door Mountains grow, hence the name Mountain Root (shown in Fig. 17). And the activities of the body, speech, and intent are the doors through which the ancestors enter and exit the ancestral temple, hence the name Ancestral Cave (as shown in Fig. 17, and 35).

解脱就是移除天门山。首先要斩断山根，使天门山不能生长；把祖窍锁起来（如图41），使天门山生长缓慢，或萎缩。那么怎样谨守根门（如图35所示），把根门锁起来？答：遵守十善戒（如本章开篇所述）。十戒中，前三戒是身戒，中间四戒是口戒，最后三戒是意戒。斩断山根，把祖窍锁起来就是要谨守十善戒。十善戒又作十善道。

Liberation is the removal of the two Sky Door Mountains. The first step is to cut the roots of the mountains so that Sky Door Mountains can not grow; to lock up the Ancestral Cave (as shown in Figure 41) so that Sky Door Mountain grows slowly or shrinks. Then how to guard the root door (as shown in Figure 35) carefully and lock it up? Answer: Observe the Ten Benevolent Precepts (as described at the beginning of this chapter). Of the Ten Benevolent Precepts, the first three are body precepts, the middle four are mouth precepts, and the last three are intent precepts. To cut off the roots of the sky door mountains and lock up the ancestral cave is to observe the Ten Benevolent Precepts, which are also known as the Ten Benevolent Paths.

插图15，四王天的牌坊上画着上天所需的四件法宝。从左向右，第一件法宝是个螺，代表着本书第18章的翠玉女（相当于佛教中的观音菩萨，和欧洲文化中的夏娃）。第二件法宝是粒种子，是奥林心，相当于我们佛教中的菩提心，参见第16章的开篇部分。第三件法宝是个燧火石，代表左翼蜂鸟，代表上帝。第四件法宝是根线，那是青松石王子（即左翼蜂鸟）用自己的女儿翠玉女为饵来钓墨西哥（亦作特拉洛克，是位金童）的鱼线。图11中鱼钩上的饵是翠玉女的脸；笑眯眯的，不咬钩的半月脸是墨西哥（亦作特拉洛克）。那根鱼线的本质就是15.4节《墨西哥法典》的主题线索。懂得了这四件法宝，就获得了这四件法宝，人的一切见惑（参见14.3节）就被消灭了，就获得了有余依涅槃（参见15.1节） ，成为图13的竹马天（梵语补特伽罗，义为习气疙瘩），也就是到了中土了。

In Illustration 15, the Four Kings Sky plaque depicts the four juristic treasures needed to get to skies. From left to right, the first juristic treasure is a conch, representing Chalchiuhtlicue (equivalent to Guanyin in Buddhism, and Eve in European cultures) in Chapter 18 of this book. The second juristic treasure is a seed, Ollin Heart, the equivalent of our Buddhist Bodhi-heart, see the opening section of Chapter 16. The third juristic treasure is a flint, representing Huitzilopochtli, representing God. The fourth juristic treasure is a thread, that is the fishing line that Huitzilopochtli used his daughter Chalchiuhtlicue as bait to catch Mexico (a.k.a. Tlaloc; is an Adam). The bait on the hook in Figure 11 is the face of Chalchiuhtlicue; the smiling, crescent face that does not bite is Mexico. The nature of that fishing line is the thematic thread of section 15.4, Mexican Codex. Understanding these four juristic treasures, one gains these four juristic treasures, all View Muddles (cf. section 14.3) are annihilated; therefore, one acquires Reliant Nirvana (cf. section 15.1), becomes a Hobbyhorse (Sanskrit Pudgala, means a habitual aggregate) of Fig. 13, that is, arrives in the Middle Earth.

13.1.6-1 四王天 Four-King Sky (Fig. 13.1.6.0-15)

四王天（参见插图13.1.6.0-15）即护世四大天王和他们的眷属。东方持国天王，红色，统领净业众，主宰东胜身洲。北方多闻天王，黑色，统领所知众，主宰北俱颅洲。西方的广目天王，白色，统领龙凤众，主宰西牛惑洲。南方增长天王，蓝色，统领烦恼众，主宰南方的瞻部洲。

四王天皆是上品十善所感，或是不杀戒增上功德所感，或是一日一夜斋戒之力所感。身长250肘。衣广中500肘，上下各250肘，重4根羽毛。此天的寿命一千岁，然亦有中夭者。死时五衰相现，甚大苦恼。性生活如人世。

The Four Kings Skies (see fig. 13.1.6.0-15) are mundane world protectors and their dependents. Eastern King namely Nation-Holder, red in color, leads karmic crowds, rules over the eastern Victorious Body Continent. Northern King namely Heard-More, black in color, leads crowds of knows, rules over the northern Skull-Occupant continent. Western King namely Broad-Eye, white in color, leads crowds of dragons and phoenixes, rules over western Cow-Muddle continent. Southern King namely Growth, blue in color, leads crowds of annoyances and nightmares, rules over southern Admiring-Subordinates continent.

The four-king skies are all the result of the ten benevolences of the upper grade, or due to escalatory fortune and virtue of not killing, or due to the power of the one-day and one-night fasts. Their body length is 250 cubits, the clothes are 500 cubits wide to the middle and 250 cubits at the top and bottom, weighs 4 feathers. The lifespan of the skies is 1,000 years, but there are also those who die young. When they die, five types of deteriorating phenomena manifest, a great deal of annoyances. Sexual life is like the human world.

13.1.6-2 三十三天 Thirty-Three Sky (Fig. 13.1.6.0-14)

三十三天，梵语忉利，由此天有三十三天故，亦是上品十善所感，或是不杀不盗两戒增上功德所感，或是一日一夜斋力所感。身长，除帝释天身长一千肘外，此诸天身长六百肘。衣广中一千二百肘，上下各六百肘，重2根羽毛。此诸天以拥抱为阴阳之事。寿两千岁，亦有中夭并五衰相，与前天同，后诸欲天亦皆准知。

Thirty-Three Sky, Sanskrit Tāvati?sa, because the sky has 33 skies, is also results of the ten benevolences of the upper grade, or do not kill and do not steal the two precepts’ escalatory fortune and virtue or inspired by a day and a night of fasting power. In terms of body length, except for Seth who is 1000 cubits high, the other skies are 600 cubits. Cloths are 1,200 cubits around to center, 600 cubits above and below, and weighs 2 feathers. These skies regard hugging as sexual affairs. With a lifespan of 2,000 years, but there are also premature deaths; and when they die, showing five signs of deteriorations. Those are the same as in the previous sky, and all the later desire-skies can be known in this way.

三十三天的中央是善法堂天，帝释天王所居；其东西南北四方各有八天。帝释全名帝释恒因（如插图13.1.6-14），中国佛教称其为转移身见（参见11.4.4.1.4.1节），梵语萨迦耶，圣经中称其为塞斯，古德语爱色（Æsir），墨西哥纳瓦特语教称其为提拉考安，义为我们都是它的奴隶。又，善法堂天上另有一天名作竹马，梵语为补特伽罗，义为习气疙瘩。

The center of the 33 skies is the “benevolent juristic hall sky”, where Imperial King Seth resides; there are eight heavens in each of the four directions, east, north, west, and south. Seth's full name is “Seth, the eternal reason”, which is known in Chinese Buddhism as “translocation body view” (see section 11.4.4.1.4.1), in Sanskrit as Satkaya, and in Mexican Nahuatl as Titlacauan, which means that we are all its slaves. And above the Benevolent Juristic Hall Sky, there is another sky called Hobbyhorse, which is the Sanskrit word Pudgala for habitual aggregate.

13.1.6-3 时分天 Hour Minute Sky (Fig. 13.1.6.0-12)

梵语夜摩，华言时分天，谓此天及以上，但以莲花开合而分昼夜。据说，昔日帝释天与阿修罗战争时，欲与时分天结盟，被拒绝了，故时分天得号无诤。时分诸天是上品十善，兼学坐禅所感，或是不杀、不盗、不邪淫、三戒增上功德所感，或亦八戒、十戒等功德所感。身长七百二十肘。衣广中一千四百四十肘，重一根羽毛（如插图12所示）。寿三千岁，以身相近为阴阳。

The Sanskrit word Yama, Chinese calls Hour-Minute Sky, it is saying that this sky and above day and night are divided by the opening and closing of the lotus flower. It is said that in the past, when Seth was at war with the Asura, wanted to make an alliance with the Hour-Minute Sky, but was refused, so the Hour-Minute Sky was given the fame of non-expostulation. The Hour-Minute skies are the results of the ten benevolences of the upper grade and the study of meditation, or inspired by the fortune and virtue of three precepts, not killing, not stealing, and not committing heretical sex, or induced by the fortune and virtue of eight precepts, ten precepts, etc. Their body length is 720 cubits. The clothes are 1,440 cubits from the outer edge to the center and weigh one feather (as shown in Illustration 13.1.6-3). Their life span is 3,000 years; regard going-close as sexual affairs.



插图13.1.6-3 源自埃及，是在测量人心的重量是否具有升天的资格。此处的人心指的是思想意识，所以他们是在称量“心衣”的重量。心衣的概念参见14.2节。

Illustration 13.1.6-3 is from Egypt and is measuring the weight of the human heart to see if it is qualified to ascend to above sky. The human heart in this case refers to the mind, so they are weighing the "cloths of heart". See section 14.2 for the concept of the heart cloths.

13.1.6-4 知足天 Contentment Sky (Fig. 13.1.6.0-11)

知足（如插图13.1.6.0-11），谓于色声香味触五欲境知止足，亦名如意。此天乃精修十善，兼得细住所感，或是身三口四七支戒品（参见13.1节）增上功德所感，或亦八戒、十戒等力所感。身长一千肘；衣重半根羽毛；寿六千岁；以执手为阴阳。又此天中别有一内院，住着一位一生补处大士（注，即玉女、观音菩萨、夏娃）。契经云：乃至劫坏，三灾不及也；菩萨修行十善，乐习禅观，当发心亲近补处大士，乃得上生。

Contentment (fig. 13.1.6.0-11) means knowing satisfaction and stop on five desires (i.e., desires of color, sound, smell, taste, and touch), also known as As-Wish. This sky is the result of cultivation of the ten benevolences of the upper grade and practicing the delicate dwell of meditation, or induced by the fortune and virtue of three body percepts and four oral precepts (cf. section 13.1), or inspired by eight precepts, ten precepts, etc. Body length is 1,000 cubits; clothes weigh half a feather; lifespan is 6,000 years; holding hands is sexual affair between man and woman. Also, there is an inner courtyard in this sky, and there lives a “One Life Amendment Place Great Warrior” (annotation, i.e., Jade Woman, Guanyin Bodhisattva, Eve). The Harmony Sutra says, “up to catastrophe end, water disaster fire disaster and wind disaster can not reach her. Bodhisattvas or whoever practice the ten benevolences and are willing to practice meditation, should arouse heart to get close to the “Amendment Place Great Warrior”, so that he or she can ascend.

13.1.6-5 自化天 Self-Converted Sky (Fig. 13.1.6.0-10)

自化自在天，由此诸天自化五尘娱乐而得名，乃是上品十善兼成欲界中定所感。身长一千三百肘，衣重四分之一根羽毛，寿七千岁，以相互熟视为阴阳。注13.1.6-5，如插图13.1.6-10所示，这是一个颠倒的世界观。那么，为什么古人还给予他们这么高的评价？答：这是觉悟历程中的一个重要阶段。而且此天以下众生的世界观都是颠倒的。

注13.1.6-5，如插图13.1.6-10所示，这是一个颠倒的世界观。那么，为什么古人还给予他们这么高的评价？答：这是觉悟历程中的一个重要阶段。而且此天以下众生的世界观都是颠倒的。

Self-Converted Self-Sufficient Sky, the skies entertain themselves by their own converted five dusts (i.e., color dust, sound dust, fragrance dust, taste dust, and touch dust), hence the name. they are results of the ten benevolences of the upper grade and stillness achievement (cf. section 12.1) of Desire Boundary. Body length is 1,300 cubits, clothes weigh a quarter of a feather, lifespan is 7,000 years, appreciably watching each other is sex between man and woman.

Annotation 13.1.6-5, as shown in illustration 13.1.6-10, this is an upside-down worldview. So, why did the ancients still rate them this highly? Answer: This is an important stage in the process of enlightenment. And the worldviews of all sentient beings below this sky are upside down.

13.1.6-6 他化天 It Converted Sky (Fig. 13.1.6.0-9)

他化自在天，谓此天假借他人所化的五尘而成己乐，乃上品十善兼成未到地定所感。此天身长一千八百肘，衣重八分之一根羽毛，寿八千岁。又，他化天上别有一魔身天（如插图13.1.6-6），他化天摄，身长两千肘，寿九千岁。

插图13.1.6.6-23至32都是魔身天的图画。图25表示《桃花劫》（参见2.1节）中常公（金童）和桃花女（玉女）裸体结婚的场景。

“Other-Converted Self-Sufficient Sky” is saying that these skies entertain themselves by other converted five dusts. They are results of the ten benevolences of the upper grade and the attainment of Nonarrival Stillness (cf. section 12.1). Body length is 1,800 cubits, cloths weigh one-eighth of a feather, and lifespan is 8,000 years. Furthermore, above the It-Converted Sky, there is a “Demonic Body Sky” (see illustration 13.1.6-6). They are assimilated by the It-Converted Sky. Their body length is 2,000 cubits, lifespan is 9,000 years.

Illustrations 13.1.6.6-23 to 32 are all pictures of the “demon body sky”. Illustration 25 shows the scene of Constant Fair (Gold Boy) and Peach Flower Girl (Jade Girl) getting married naked in "Peach Flower Catastrophe" (see Section 2.1).



图 26中的猪代表上帝安拉造的须弥颅（亚当，参见4.4节），女人是安拉的女儿苦芭芭（夏娃）。

图27中的鹿代表上帝宙斯造的七色鹿佛阿波罗（金童），女的是宙斯的女儿雅典娜（玉女，参见15.2节）。

图28中的山羊是上帝雷音造的德意志（睚眦，亚当，参见15.3节），女的是雷音的女儿磨牙（夏娃）。

图29和30是上帝左翼蜂鸟造的墨西哥（金童，特拉洛克，参见15.4节）和翠玉女（玉女）。

The pig in Illustration 26 represents Sumeru (Adam, see Section 4.4) created by God Allah, and the woman is Allah's daughter Kubaba (Eve).

The deer in Illustration 27 represents the “seven-color deer Buddha” Apollo (Gold Boy) created by God Zeus, and the woman is Zeus's daughter Athena (Jade Girl, see Section 15.2).

The goat in Illustration 28 is Germany (Tanngnjóstr, Adam, see Section 15.3) created by God Thor, and the woman is Thor's daughter Tanngnjóstr (Eve).

Illustrations 29 and 30 are Mexico (Gold Boy, Tlaloc, see Chapter 18) and Chalchiuhtlicue (Jade Girl) created by God Huitzilopochtli.

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