飘香于油墨中的草莓:都是草莓手帕惹的祸

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七)都是草莓手帕惹的祸

一口气读完莎士比亚的《奥赛罗》(Othello),发现可以用“都是草莓手帕惹的祸”这句话来概括这个爱情悲剧。

剧中的男女主人公奥赛罗和苔丝狄蒙娜(Desdemona)是一对奇异的组合。奥赛罗是非洲摩尔部落首领之子,乃威尼斯城邦雇佣的一个将军,受种族限制,地位卑微。苔丝狄蒙娜是贵族元老院元老的女儿,身份明显高贵很多。一个是黑人,一个是白人,还是老少恋,看起来极不相配。明知婚事会遭到女方家人的反对,两人悄悄结了婚。

奥赛罗的手下伊阿古(Iago)屡立战功,却不被奥赛罗提拔,奥赛罗提拔了卡西奥(Casio)为副官,这让伊阿古十分不满。伊阿古还怀疑自己的妻子艾米利亚(Emilia)与奥赛罗通奸,因而对奥赛罗恨得咬牙切齿。他一面假装对奥赛罗十分忠诚,一面伺机报复。

第三幕第三场,伊阿古的一番谗言引起奥赛罗对妻子和卡西奥奸情的猜忌,作为通奸的重要间接证据的手帕出场了。

现将部分台词翻译如下:

奥赛罗:

 这是一个非常诚实的家伙,十分了解各种人情世故。要是我能够证明她是一只没有被驯伏的野鹰,即使我用自己最珍爱的心弦做她的绊绳,我也要吹哨子放她飞走,让她顺风而下追寻自己的运气。也许因为我是黑人,缺乏那些朝臣们温柔优雅的谈吐,也许因为我已经老了但还不算很老她走了,我被蒙骗了,只能靠憎恶她来解恨。啊,受诅咒的婚姻,我们说这些美丽精致的人儿是我们的,却不能支配她们的胃口。我宁愿做一只蛤蟆,呼吸地牢中的浊气,也不愿占据了心爱之物的一角,让别人享用它。这是英雄们的灾难,他们并不比卑贱者享有更多的特权。这是和死亡一样不可避免的命运,我们一生下来就注定了要被戴绿帽子。瞧,她来了。(苔丝狄蒙娜及爱米利娅上。)如果她是不贞的,那么上天在开自己的玩笑了。我不会相信的。”

OTHELLO

This fellow’s of exceeding honesty

And knows all quantities, with a learnèd spirit,

Of human dealings. If I do prove her haggard,

Though that her jesses were my dear heartstrings,

I’d whistle her off and let her down the wind

To prey at fortune. Haply, for I am black

And have not those soft parts of conversation

That chamberers have, or for I am declined

Into the vale of years—yet that’s not much—

She’s gone, I am abused, and my relief

Must be to loathe her. Oh, curse of marriage

That we can call these delicate creatures ours

And not their appetites! I had rather be a toad

And live upon the vapor of a dungeon

Than keep a corner in the thing I love

For others' uses. Yet ’tis the plague to great ones,

Prerogatived are they less than the base.

'Tis destiny unshunnable, like death.

Even then this forkèd plague is fated to us

When we do quicken. Look where she comes.

Enter DESDEMONA and EMILIA

If she be false, heaven mocked itself.

I’ll not believe ’t.

苔丝狄蒙娜 :

“你怎么啦,我亲爱的奥赛罗?您邀请共进晚餐的那些岛上的贵人们在等您入席呢。”

DESDEMONA

How now, my dear Othello?

Your dinner, and the generous islanders

By you invited, do attend your presence.

奥赛罗:

 我失礼了”。

OTHELLO

I am to blame.

苔丝狄蒙娜 :

“您为什么说话这么微弱?您不大舒服吗?”

DESDEMONA

Why do you speak so faintly?

Are you not well?

奥赛罗:

 我有点儿头痛,在这儿。”

OTHELLO

I have a pain upon my forehead, here.

苔丝狄蒙娜:

“ 那一定是缺乏睡眠的缘故,它会消失的;让我替您绑紧了,一小时内就可以痊愈。”(她掏出一条手帕)

DESDEMONA

Why that’s with watching, ’twill away again.

Let me but bind it hard, within this hour

It will be well. (pulls out a handkerchief)

奥赛罗:

“你的手帕太小了,随它去。(苔丝狄蒙娜手帕坠地)来,我跟你一起进去。”

OTHELLO

Your napkin is too little,

Let it alone.

Her handkerchief drops

Come, I’ll go in with you.

苔丝狄蒙娜:

 您的身子不舒服,我很难过。”(奥瑟罗、苔丝狄蒙娜下。)

DESDEMONA

I am very sorry that you are not well.

Exeunt OTHELLO and DESDEMONA

艾米利亚:

(拾起手帕)

 我很高兴我找到了这条手帕,这是她从摩尔人那里得到的第一份礼物。我那古怪的丈夫一百次请求我去将它偷出来。但是她非常喜欢这个礼物(因为奥赛罗叫她永远保存好),她总是随时带在身边,对着它亲吻,和它说话。我要把那花样描下来,然后再把它给伊阿古。他要拿去做什么,天知道,我不知道。我只想满足他的异想天开。”

EMILIA

(picks up the handkercheif)

I am glad I have found this napkin,

This was her first remembrance from the Moor.

My wayward husband hath a hundred times

Wooed me to steal it, but she so loves the token

(For he conjured her she should ever keep it)

That she reserves it evermore about her

To kiss and talk to. I’ll have the work ta'en out

And give ’t Iago. What he will do with it

Heaven knows, not I.

I nothing but to please his fantasy.

苔丝狄蒙娜的侍女艾米利亚还没来得及将手帕上的图案描下来,她的丈夫伊阿古出现了,从她手里夺走了手帕。艾米利亚抗议道:“如果没有重要的用途,还是把它还了我吧。可怜的夫人!她丢了这条手帕,准要发疯了。” 

EMILIA

If it be not for some purpose of import,

Give ’t me again. Poor lady, she’ll run mad

When she shall lack it.

伊阿古交待她:“别承认你知道这些,我自有用处。去吧,离开我。”

IAGO

Be not acknown on ’t,

I have use for it. Go, leave me.

艾米利亚离开后,伊埃古来了一段独白:“我会把这张手帕留在卡西奥的屋子里,让他找到它。像空气一样轻微的小事,对于嫉妒的人来说,也会变成和圣经一样强有力的确证。也许这就可以引发一场是非。摩尔人已经中了我的毒,内心发生变化了。危险的自负是他们天性里的一种毒药,开始的时候几乎没有什么苦涩的味道,可是一旦在血液里活动起来,就会像硫矿一样燃烧。”

I will in Cassio’s lodging lose this napkin

And let him find it. Trifles light as air

Are to the jealous confirmations strong

As proofs of holy writ. This may do something.

The Moor already changes with my poison.

Dangerous conceits are in their natures poisons

Which at the first are scarce found to distaste,

But with a little act upon the blood

Burn like the mines of sulfur.

话音刚落,伊阿古看见奥赛罗又返回来找他,不禁得意地自言自语:“我确实说对了。看,他来了。罂粟、曼陀罗或世上一切使人昏迷的草药汁,都不能带给你和昨晚一样宁静的睡眠。”

I did say so.

Look, where he comes. Not poppy nor mandragora

Nor all the drowsy syrups of the world,

Shall ever medicine thee to that sweet sleep

Which thou owedst yesterday.

奥赛罗见到伊阿古后,要求他拿出苔丝狄蒙娜不贞的证据,伊阿古开始用手帕来大做文章。他们之间的对话如下:

伊阿古:

“我认为让他们当场出丑很不容易。如果有人真的亲眼看到他俩在干那事,那他们绝对该死。然后怎样呢?又该如何?我应该说什么?证据在哪里?即使他们像山羊一样风骚,像猴子一样好色,像骄傲的豺狼一样淫荡,像喝醉的白痴一样愚昧不堪,您也看不到他们这一幕。可是我说,如果有了确切的旁证可以推断出事实真相,为您解除疑惑,您不难得到的。”

IAGO

It were a tedious difficulty, I think,

To bring them to that prospect. Damn them then,

If ever mortal eyes do see them bolster

410More than their own! What then? How then?

What shall I say? Where’s satisfaction?

It is impossible you should see this,

Were they as prime as goats, as hot as monkeys,

As salt as wolves in pride, and fools as gross

As ignorance made drunk. But yet, I say,

If imputation and strong circumstances

Which lead directly to the door of truth

Will give you satisfaction, you may have ’t.

奥赛罗:

 给我一个好的理由,证明她不贞。”

OTHELLO

Give me a living reason she’s disloyal.

伊阿古:

 我不欢喜这个差使;但是,愚蠢的诚实和忠心已经把我卷进这场纠纷里了,我就接着说吧。最近我曾和卡西奥同榻过,因为牙痛得厉害,我无法入睡。有一种人的灵魂是不能保守秘密的,在睡梦中会喃喃自语他们的私事,卡西奥就是这一种人。我听见他在睡梦中说:‘可爱的苔丝狄蒙娜,我们要保持警惕,隐藏我们的爱情。’然后,主帅,他紧紧抓着我的手,喊:‘哦,可爱的人儿!’然后狠狠地吻我,好像那些吻是长在我的嘴唇上,他想把它们连根拔起一样。然后他把他的小腿搁在我的大腿上,一边叹气,一边亲吻,嘴里喊着‘该死的命运,把你给了那个摩尔人!’”

IAGO

I do not like the office.

But, sith I am entered in this cause so far,

Pricked to ’t by foolish honesty and love,

I will go on. I lay with Cassio lately

And, being troubled with a raging tooth,

I could not sleep. There are a kind of men

So loose of soul that in their sleeps will mutter

Their affairs. One of this kind is Cassio.

In sleep I heard him say “Sweet Desdemona,

Let us be wary, let us hide our loves.”

And then, sir, would he gripe and wring my hand,

Cry “O sweet creature!” and then kiss me hard,

As if he plucked up kisses by the roots

That grew upon my lips, lay his leg

Over my thigh, and sigh, and kiss, and then

Cry “Cursed fate that gave thee to the Moor!”

奥赛罗:

 哦,可恶!可恶!”

OTHELLO

Oh, monstrous! Monstrous!

伊阿古:

 不,这不过是他的梦。”

IAGO

Nay, this was but his dream.

奥赛罗:

 但这说明木已成舟。”

OTHELLO

But this denoted a foregone conclusion.

伊阿古:

“虽然只是一个梦,却值得怀疑,也有助于支持其他薄弱的证据。”

IAGO

'Tis a shrewd doubt, though it be but a dream.

And this may help to thicken other proofs

That do demonstrate thinly.

奥赛罗:

 我要把她撕成碎片。”

OTHELLO

I’ll tear her all to pieces!

伊阿古:

 不,理智些,我们还没有抓到实锤,也许她还是忠诚的。但是告诉我这一点,您见过尊夫人的手里拿着一条有草莓花样的手帕吗?”

IAGO

Nay, yet be wise, yet we see nothing done,

She may be honest yet. Tell me but this,

Have you not sometimes seen a handkerchief

Spotted with strawberries in your wife’s hand?

奥赛罗:

“我给过她这样一条手帕,那是我送给她的第一份礼物。”

OTHELLO

I gave her such a one, ’twas my first gift.

伊阿古:

 那我不知道。但是我今天看到了这样的手帕 ,我确定它就是尊夫人的,我看到卡西奥用这条手帕抹他的胡子。”

IAGO

I know not that, but such a handkerchief—

I am sure it was your wife’s—did I today

See Cassio wipe his beard with.

奥赛罗:

 假如就是那一条手帕—”

OTHELLO

If it be that—

伊阿古:

“假如就是那一条手帕,或属于她的任何一条手帕,再加上别的证据,就是对她不利的了。”

IAGO

If it be that, or any that was hers,

It speaks against her with the other proofs.

奥赛罗: 

“啊,但愿那个奴才有四万条命!杀死他一次不足以发泄我的愤怒。现在我明白这件事是真的了。瞧,伊阿古,我把我的全部痴情都向空中吹散,它随风而逝了。黑暗的复仇,从你的幽窟之中升起来吧!喔,爱情,把你的王冠和心灵宝座让给暴虐的仇恨吧!胀起来,我的胸膛,因里面装满了毒蛇的舌头。”

OTHELLO

Oh, that the slave had forty thousand lives!

One is too poor, too weak for my revenge.

Now do I see ’tis true. Look here, Iago,

All my fond love thus do I blow to heaven.

'Tis gone.

Arise, black vengeance, from the hollow hell!

Yield up, O love, thy crown and hearted throne

To tyrannous hate! Swell, bosom, with thy fraught,

For ’tis of aspics' tongues!

读到这里,许多细心的读者发现了剧本的第一处“硬伤”。我把情节大致梳理一下:最先是苔丝狄蒙娜拿出手帕,欲给头疼的奥赛罗扎紧额头,奥赛罗嫌手帕太小,拒绝了她的好意。这说明他亲眼见到了这条手帕。接着,夫妻二人同去陪贵宾吃晚餐,前脚刚走,无意间丢失在地上的手帕就被女仆艾米利亚后脚拾起。她正琢磨着先将手帕上的花样描下来,还未付诸行动,手帕被丈夫伊阿古夺走。伊阿古得了手帕后自言自语,打算将它丢在卡西奥的房间,话音刚落,疑心重重的奥赛罗就出现在他面前,要求他提供妻子通奸的证据。伊阿古趁机说,卡西奥今天用同一条手帕抹胡子。这些情节环环相扣一气呵成,应该全部发生在一小时之内。奥赛罗是谋略过人杀伐果断的大将军,应该很快能够判断出伊阿古的证词里存在着很大的漏洞自己不到一小时前还和拿着手帕的妻子一起说话,接着两人共赴晚宴,妻子根本没有时间与卡西奥私会并亲手将手帕送给他。

可是奥赛罗似乎完全不记得自己之前见过绣有草莓图案的手帕,他的内心充满了嫉妒和仇恨,胸膛里“装满了毒蛇的舌头”(aspics' tongues)。蛇在西方的宗教和文化里有很多负面含义,《圣经》中的夏娃和亚当就是受了蛇的诱惑偷食禁果,才导致了人类的堕落。奥赛罗希望自己的心里也装着毒蛇的舌头(即毒液),以麻木他的痛苦和愤恨。

莎士比亚是不是犯了戏剧创作的低级错误呢?

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