新闻标题:美国会:在新冠大爆发前 中国便已掌握病毒基因序列


2024-01-18 15:29:53 by charley-ca

关于新冠起源,过一段时间就能在网上看到一篇帖子,而且往往都是关于种种“阴谋论”的。很少有人在写帖子之前去查查正经的科学家都做了哪些研究。 (我这里用“帖子”而不是“文章”这个词,是因为我觉得“文章”应该是比较注重科学证据,比较严肃的。)

其实关于新冠起源的研究,各国科学家已经做了很多努力。我认为要研究新冠起源,首先要研究新冠病毒最早是在哪里出现的(然后才能去追踪最早的新冠病毒是动物传人而来,还是在人类中传染过程中逐步变异而来)。而要追踪新冠病毒最早出现的地点,通过检测各国保留的2019年12月武汉新冠爆发前的(甚至2018年的)血液和城市废水的样品应该是最可行的方法。

下面是我搜集的一些研究论文 (包含在 NIH (美国国立卫生研究院)官方网站上的论文) 和新闻链接。 目前不同的研究结果都显示新冠在武汉新冠流行之前,已经在其它国家流行了。 从这些结果似乎可以得出这些结论:

1. 新冠不一定是从武汉起源的;
2. 现在连新冠是不是从武汉起源的都不知道, 就去推论新冠和武汉病毒所有关,似乎为时太早了;

另外我想强调,虽然发现了新冠在武汉爆发之前就在其它国家流行的证据, 这并不能说明新冠就不是从中国起源的,也不能排除是从武汉起源的(虽然从概率的角度看这种可能性应该比较小了)。希望中国官方能公布针对 2019年12月之前在各地采集的血液样品的研究结果,这样才能跟世界各国科学家一起,追踪到新冠的起源。

第一篇关于发现早期新冠流行证据的论文是意大利研究人员发表在肿瘤杂志上的,研究用到的血样是 2019年9 – 10 月因为癌症研究而采集的。 我想在中国应该有很多2019年12月之前因为医学研究等目的收集的血样。 应该对这些血样进行测试并公布研究结果。另外中国各地环保部门采集的2019年12月前的下水道废水样品也应该拿出来供专家测试。 西班牙就在2019年3月巴塞罗那的废水样品里发现了新冠病毒。(注: 这个研究结果并没有在经过同行审稿的杂志上发表,所以可靠性要打点折扣。这是路透社的新闻链接: https://www.reuters.com/article/idUSKBN23X2HP/#:~:text=MADRID%20(Reuters)%20%2D%20Spanish%20virologists,of%20Barcelona%20said%20on%20Friday.)

参考文献:

https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/0300891620974755?journalCode=tmja

Unexpected detection of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in the prepandemic period in Italy

In the first 2 months, September–October 2019, 23/162 (14.2%) patients in September and 27/166 (16.3%) in October displayed IgG or IgM antibodies, or both. The first positive sample (IgM-positive) was recorded on September 3 in the Veneto region, followed by a case in Emilia Romagna (September 4), a case in Liguria (September 5), two cases in Lombardy (Milano Province; September 9), and one in Lazio (Roma; September 11). By the end of September, 13 of the 23 (56.5%) positive samples were recorded in Lombardy, three in Veneto, two in Piedmont, and one each in Emilia Romagna, Liguria, Lazio, Campania, and Friuli. A similar time distribution was observed when considering Lombardy alone (Supplementary Table S2).
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https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9309723/
Published online 2022 Jul 11. doi: 10.3389/fmed.2022.923715

Unexpected Detection of Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies Before the Declaration of the COVID-19 Pandemic
Waleed Mahallawicorresponding author * and Nadir Ibrahim
In conclusion, we found evidence to support the early circulation of SARS-CoV-2 among persons who visited China a few months prior to the pandemic declaration. These results can be used to better define the spread of SARS-CoV-2 infections before the COVID-19 pandemic declaration. The detection of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in individuals before the pandemic was declared in China could rewrite the pre-pandemic timeline.
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https://www.news-medical.net/news/20201117/SARS-CoV-2-was-circulating-in-Italy-before-China-recognized-its-existence.aspx
SARS-CoV-2 was circulating in Italy before China recognized its existence

Angela Betsaida B. Laguipo, BSN
By Angela Betsaida B. Laguipo, BSNNov 17 2020
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https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0013935122013068
Molecular evidence for SARS-CoV-2 in samples collected from patients with morbilliform eruptions since late 2019 in Lombardy, northern Italy

Environmental Research
Volume 215, Part 1, December 2022, 113979
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https://www.globaltimes.cn/page/202106/1225236.shtml
WHO works with Italy to retest samples of COVID-19 study, indicating 'intl experts start tracking down virus origins outside China'

By Zhang Hui and Chen Qingqing
Published: Jun 02, 2021 08:41 PM
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https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.07.14.21260491v1.full
Timeline of SARS-CoV2 spread in Italy: results from an independent serological retesting

Emanuele Montomoli, Giovanni Apolone, Alessandro Manenti, View ORCID ProfileMattia Boeri, Paola Suatoni, Federica Sabia, Alfonso Marchianò, Valentina Bollati, Ugo Pastorino, View ORCID ProfileGabriella Sozzi:
https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.07.14.21260491
Now published in Viruses doi: 10.3390/v14010061