英国布里斯托大学研究指出,2.5亿年后地球板块将合而为一,气候更加严峻,导致物种发生大灭绝。(图/Shutterstock)
自从盘古大陆分裂以来,地球的板块便不断移动,近期英国布里斯托大学(University of
Bristol)科学家使用电脑模拟,发现2.5亿年后,地球上所有板块将合而为一,形成一个超级大陆,称为“终极盘古大陆”(Pangea
Ultima),届时人类将面临灭绝。
根据英国《卫报》、《每日邮报》报导,英国布里斯托大学的研究团队利用气候模型,模拟终极盘古大陆的气候条件,并使用板块运动、海洋化学等模型预测未来二氧化碳的水平。
结果发现,当大陆再次结合,将成为一个高温、乾燥且大部分不适合居住的地方。大陆合併的过程也会导致火山爆发更频繁,释放大量二氧化碳并加剧暖化。
另外一个现象是太阳老化,因此变得更亮、散发更多辐射,导致太阳系中的行星更加炎热。
这是科学家首次针对终极盘古大陆的气候进行模拟研究。主导的布里斯托大学地理学教授方斯沃斯(Alexander
Farnsworth)表示,到时候地球气温将介于摄氏40至50度间,甚至出现摄氏70度的高温,加上极度潮溼,“人类和其他许多物种将因为无法透过流汗来散热,而导致死亡。”
“地球将成为一个缺乏食物和水源、无法让哺乳动物生存下去的地方。”
报导指出,哺乳类动物包括人类在内,是地球演化史上最成功的范例,但这群生物适应气候的能力相较不良。届时人类若无法逃离地球,就必须打造出具备空调的避难所,同时发展室内生产食物的能力,或努力管理气候。
这项研究已发表在《自然:地球科学》(Nature Geoscience)期刊。
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