“讯息淹没战术”:川普的策略是什么?什么目标?

“讯息淹没战术”:川普的策略是什么?什么目标?
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图像来源,Getty Images,川普在他的第二任期迅速实施了多种议程

川普(Donald Trump)第二任期尚未满一个月,却已以惊人的速度推行多项政策。

自1月20日就任以来,他已经赦免了参与2021年1月6日国会暴动的示威者、削减对外援助、加强打击非法移民、终止多元化计划,并对全球钢铁和铝进口加征关税等一系列举措。

此外,他还与俄罗斯总统普京(Vladimir Putin)就结束乌克兰战争进行对话,甚至提出美国可以购买加沙的建议。

川普的支持者将这些行动视为兑现竞选承诺的具体表现,但分析人士则相信,密集且迅速地抛出多项政策,其中一个目的是要让反对派措手不及,并且削弱他们的回应。这正是所谓的“讯息淹没战术”(flood the zone)。

分析指出,川普在第一个任期已经广泛运用这一手段,而在他的第二任期,这种策略正被进一步放大和强化。

那么,什么是“讯息淹没战术”?川普又希望通过这个策略达成什么目标?

  从体育到政治

“讯息淹没战术”是美式足球中的一种战术,这是进攻一方透过大量行动来压制对方的防守,从而利用当中的弱点。

川普的前高级战略顾问史蒂夫·班农(Steve Bannon)在2018年解释,川普真正的对手并非民主党,而是媒体,“应对媒体的方法就是用大量噪音来进行讯息淹没战。”

专家指出,这种手法会使批评者迷失方向,无法集中火力在单一议题上加以反击。

危机公关公司“红榕树”(Red Banyan)执行长艾文·尼尔曼(Evan Nierman)告诉 BBC:“川普不只是在设定议题,他是在碾压议题。透过讯息淹没战术,他确保没有任何单一丑闻能持续引发关注而对他造成长期伤害。对其他政客足以致命的丑闻,对川普来说往往只是昙花一现。”

尼尔曼补充,川普的目标是彻底主导新闻周期,使对手只能被动回应,“而川普则主导讨论的框架。”尼尔曼形容川普的策略是经过“精心计算”。

“大多数政治人物会小心地推出政策,川普则直接制造场面。”他说,“无论是政策举措、法律战还是即兴发言,他的策略始终是一样的:保持进攻态势,主导叙事,让批评几乎难以持续下去。”

密西根大学迪尔伯恩分校的教授麦克·蒙哥马利(Michael Montgomery)认为,这一策略同时也会分散反对势力。

“这会让反对者分散精力,各自面对无数零散且无法协调的小战场,”他告诉 BBC,结果会让对手更难团结一致来与川普对抗。

作为这项战略的一部分,媒体公司“标准全球”(Criterion Global)的联合创办人凯瑟琳·卡特赖特(Katherine Cartwright)提到另一种手法:“星期五丢消息”(Friday drop)。这种做法是将有争议性的公告安排在周五发布,因为周末期间公众关注度通常会有所减低。

卡特赖特告诉法新社,以美国国防部长皮特·赫格塞斯(Pete Hegseth)的任命为例,赫格塞斯曾是电视节目主持人,批评者认为他缺乏管理经验,且面临虐待女性的指控,他本人否认这控指控。该项任命是在一个星期五宣布,“到了周一早晨,这几乎已经不再出现在新闻版面中。”

民主党国会议员杰米·拉斯金(Jamie Raskin)形容川普疯狂的步伐是一种“压倒性的感官超载”现象。

他告诉《纽约时报》,“有一刻,我在和一位政府癌症药物临床试验的负责人通话,她即将被免职,只因为她的工作有一小部分涉及少数族裔社区的外展工作;下一刻,我又在与司法部的律师通话,他们也被通知将被强制调职,一切就像永无止境。”

蒙哥马利总结说:“讯息淹没战术的目的就是制造混乱,让对手疲于应对、无所适从,最终让更多美国人选择退出关注。”

他提及这将使川普的第二任期“可以令媒体和公众被淹没在无数话题中,任意推行各种原本可能会受到高度关注与激烈反对的政策和行动。”

  川普支持者的观点

图像来源,Getty Images,曾担任川普高级顾问的班农(资料照片)

川普的支持者将他这一系列的行动视为其领导能力与兑现竞选承诺的证明。

共和党众议员马乔里·泰勒·格林(Marjorie Taylor Greene)在接受《纽约时报》访问时表示,川普的议程是选民授权的结果,而他正“以人力所能达到的最快速度”落实承诺。她说:“这需要夜以继日地工作。”

前白宫高级顾问班农在其播客节目《班农战情室》中对川普政府的步伐表示赞赏:“如果你看看这一切的规模、深度和迫切性,这是多年来准备的成果,”他说,“这不是一夜之间发生的。”

“踩下全部油门,不要刹车。驾驶!驾驶!驾驶!”他补充说:“当你获得这样的动力时时,不能停下,不能犹豫,只管往前冲!”

班农也赞扬了白宫政策副幕僚长史蒂芬·米勒(Stephen Miller),他被视为是川普第二任期推行“讯息淹没战术”的主脑。

  这个战术曾被使用过吗?

图像来源,Getty Images,讯息淹没战术源于美式足球,进攻一方透过大量行动来压制对方的防守以攻击其弱点。

尼尔曼指出,“讯息淹没战术”并非川普独创。

“历史上,许多领导人都曾利用媒体渗透来获得优势,但方式非常不同,”他说。

“富兰克林·罗斯福(Franklin D. Roosevelt)的炉边谈话、约翰·肯尼迪(John F. Kennedy)对电视媒体的巧妙运用,甚至奥巴马(Barack Obama)对数码媒体的掌控,都是用以塑造公众的观感。”

然而,这里存在一个差异:“川普以极快的速度去完成,没有过滤,且完全不能预测。”

但蒙哥马利对此持有不同看法,他认为川普的行动史无前例,“1933年,富兰克林·罗斯福非常忙碌的100天,目的不是要用资讯轰炸来分散人们的关注,以便新政府的具体举措能够逃避审查”,他说。

“无论是民主党或共和党总统,我不认为过去有任何人在华盛顿的舞台上,以大量行政命令和计划来让人感到迷惑或混淆。”

  这真的有效吗?

现在判断这项策略是否对川普有效可能还为时过早。事实上,一些专家表示这种方式最终可能会适得其反。

蒙哥马利表示:“虽然我怀疑川普的铁粉会对他引发的混乱感到厌倦,但这种战术可能会在2026年期中选举中对共和党造成不利的影响。”

他指出,川普与共和党在美国民众中并没有压倒性的支持。

“川普仅以约1.5%的差距胜出,共和党并没有足够的民意基础来推动这些选举之后的常规变革,更不要说是这种规模的剧烈转向。”

尼尔曼警告,即使是川普的支持者也可能最终出现疲劳:“持续不断的混乱终会让人感到厌倦。”

“这是一个很大的风险,川普的优势在于掌控舆论,但若有一天人们选择不再聆听,这种主导权就会变成杂音。若果这个情况发生,川普可能会失去那些因政策、而非个人魅力而支持他的摇摆选民。”他总结道。

旁观者XWY 发表评论于
川普有两年时间尽情发挥。
相信事实 发表评论于
这并不是什么淹没,而是一种休克式破坏而已。世界历史上有很多人使用这种方式进行“改革”,结果却是无一例外的失败,因为快速破坏一个旧世界,破坏平衡很容易,但建立新的平衡,新的秩序并不容易。床铺本人根本没有任何计划,他没有目标,没有战略,只有破坏。至今没有人知道他到底想干什么。

破坏社会太容易了,然后呢?没有然后了
西岸-影 发表评论于
flood the zone在这件事上的意思并不是什么信息的概念,而是全面打击让对方无法适应的概念。
川普上任以来签署了两百左右的行政令,全部是与目前现实反着干的,这就让反对他的一派顾此失彼,无法面对最重要的议题,毕竟大家的利益也不一样,有人关心贸易问题,比如进出口商,有人更关注关税问题,比如汽车制造业70%的配件来自中国。有人关注驱赶非法移民问题,比如美国农民。
大家都有各自的重点,在川普这种不计成本不计后果的发行行政令的模式下,美国会混乱一段时间,大概一个季度之后美国经济数据会表现川普对社会的伤害,这时候反对派才会容易发现攻击点,大概率是通胀。
川普这些政策会导致高通胀,他自己也不否认。但需要一段时间的积累。
川普是在美国发起一场与中国文革不仅目的,形式上也一样的运动,本质上是革命,争取在中期选举前把美国带入法西斯主义社会,拯救美国,就与历史上希特勒的理由一样。
sgbigsell 发表评论于
王霸拳而已。没啥新花样,乐子不断。
白河山水 发表评论于
大家都等着灾难呢!
东方明月- 发表评论于
trump的看家本领就是造谣。讯息淹没战术就是让大部分人根本看不到真实新闻,而相信它的谎言。
Bhistory 发表评论于
PART 3 of 3

He was going to dismantle the dark corrupt govt lurking in the shadows of this nation, trying to destroy its very existence back then.

My children Hollywood’s dark past and dark connections to the Establishment is why Hollywood was such an essential part to the Establishment and the great reset will all come out and the collapse of their narrative and their control they’ve had over this country. Follow the money and you will find the heinous crimes committed by Hollywood and the Establishment. They are part of the same system destroying society, brainwashing the masses, using intelligence psyops operations.

My United States, the darkness brought into this nation and the truth about freemasons and their part of this destruction of this country. The secret societies had been embedded in your govt and in every system they’ve designed against you. Yes these societies have been controlling your nation and nations all around the world. They designed pandemics and diseases at will to profit off your sicknesses. They designed wars to profit off death and destruction. They designed financial catastrophes to profit off your debt and bankruptcies. They profit off societies tearing itself apart with mental illness, designed with their psyop operations on a world-wide scale.

My children their designs have affected each nation and the world as you know it. But now you will see the Pharaohs of today and their style, the Egyptian and Babylonian systems, be dismantled and brought to nothing before your very eyes. Your govt is full of criminals and actors and I am cleaning them all out of their seats they don’t belong in. Your freedom is coming. True celebrations will be enjoyed. This great political fallout will cleanse your nation of the criminals that have held [you] against your will.

I have said LET MY PEOPLE GO and you will see these words come to pass right before your eyes, like the Israelites did in My Word.

Your enemies will not continue to torture you and hold you against your will when I have set you FREE says the Lord Your Redeemer.
Bhistory 发表评论于
2nd PART

Bankruptcies were staged in major corporations to hide something more sinister behind it. They chose which companies and when, to bury financial records and more money to hide everything they could when anyone would get close to the truth. Like Enron and there is more to this story that will come out – every corporation they’ve buried in money or their secrets and will be unearthed and exposed in front of the world.

The Great Depression was a design by the Elites to cause the Establishment to be put on steroids, to speed up their corporation and take over this nation. Look at who benefited from the Depression and Recessions. None of these things were by accident. It was all set in motion to take this nation over more and more.

The truth involving WW2 and how your govt played a horrifying part in it will all be exposed: war, racketeering, and every architect and their blueprints will be exposed.

The Vietnam War was just the same. War racketeering and how the Establishment used this as a front and a distraction for something far worse against this nation. All the crimes this govt committed will all be exposed. FOLLOW THE MONEY and it gets deeper and much worse than is publicly known at this time. It will reveal a darkness and a system that was running everything while people were completely unaware.

The govt’s dark secrets are all coming out including President Kennedy’s assassination and it carries with it truth that will uncover even more of the corruption in these intelligence communities who really is controlling the govt and what Kennedy was going to expose and dismantle in your govt. The Establishment’s secrets that are still not out in the open yet, will be revealed with uncovering who truly killed JFK, his brother Robert Kennedy, Martin Luther King and even as far back as Lincoln. Lincoln’s murder was also an inside job. The Establishment’s secrets were going to be exposed by Pres Lincoln as well.
Bhistory 发表评论于
rumble. com/v6m8g43-live-with-julie.html?e9s=src_v1_ucp
DARK SECRETS THAT HAVE KEPT THE ESTABLISHMENT IN POWER WILL ALL BE EXPOSED
[Word heard – February 9, 2025]

My children, the exposures that you have seen are nothing compared to what is about to be uncovered, how far back this criminal govt began –

 When it started
 How it started
 Why it was established
 And who designed it.

This will bring a shock to this nation – how many people were behind such devastation, corruption, misery, death and fraud, to not only this country but the world. When everything is uncovered and all given to the public, you’ll find out:

 How and when wars were started
 Their design, purpose
 Who profited off of them
 What is was meant for
 Each nation and their part in this great reset

All wars had been started on purpose for more power to the Elites. They profited and benefited in ways – it’ll be hard for most people to comprehend, along with every economic depression, recession, reset, bump or disturbance in the economy. It was all by design. I will show you who banked the most off of the economic disasters and where they are all today, because of it. How corporations grew by design, how Hollywood was involved in the Establishment, the Old Guard and Silicon Valley and every ponzi scheme set on purpose.

There is more to Bernie Madoff and that financial fraud scheme that was hidden, another fall guy to hide the real architects behind the financial schemes and fraud to control every financial entity out there.

Sam Bankman Fried with FTX – more to that story your govt wanted to bury and that will all be exposed. The list goes on of more just like them – some smaller but there are bigger ponzi schemes out there that still exist right now and are controlling nations and economies and the masses around the world.

A financial war has been set into motion long ago, that only certain people would really profit off of it while others would lose it all.
山贼王 发表评论于
川普只有一个目标:终结全球化!
其他所有的目标只不过是围绕这个目标的策略和手段。