罕見！美現任、前任防長公開嗆川普 反對動軍隊平示威
08:572020/06/04 中時電子報 馮英志

 

美國非裔遭白人警員不當執法致死引起全國公憤，示威已遍布全美上百城市，而總統川普1日卻為了臨時從白宮赴聖約翰教堂拍照，不僅動用催淚瓦斯驅散民眾，更在白宮演說中聲稱要不惜部屬重裝部隊防範暴動，更加激起眾怒。對此，美國防部長艾斯培公開表示反對川普以「暴亂法」動用軍隊平息示威，而前任國防部長馬蒂斯退任後罕見打破沉默，直嗆川普是「威脅憲法的人」。

 

據美國有線電視新聞網（CNN）報導，艾斯培（Mark Esper）3日表示，他不支持川普動用部隊平息全美境內大規模示威，表示「現在還不到這時候」，對先前要部署軍隊的川普保持距離。

 

艾斯培強調，除非到了最後一刻，才會需要動用部隊作為執法人員，且只會當爆發極度緊急嚴重的狀況時使用，但「我們現在並未處於此情境」。不過他也澄清，國民兵並未向人群發射橡皮子彈或催淚彈；要求警備人員戴上鋼盔與個人防務裝備是為了自我保護，並非是某種形式的威嚇。

 

另外據《大西洋》雜誌報導，曾在任內多此與川普出現分歧、最後川普執意從敘利亞撤軍的而請辭的馬蒂斯（James Mattis）自離職後首次打破沉默，在目睹近日示威與衝突感到震驚，直嗆「川普是我一生中，第一次遇到未嘗試團結美國人民的總統，『甚至連裝都不想裝』；相反的，他想要分裂我們」。他感嘆，「我們正目睹他任內3年中他刻意惡為的後果，我們正目睹沒有真正領導的3年」，並呼籲美國人民「必須向那些可能會嘲弄憲法的在位官員們負責」。

 

而在艾斯培表態不久後，陸軍部長麥卡錫（Ryan McCarthy）向美聯社表示，在艾斯培赴白宮開會後，他被告知將撤回原本將在華府特區的部屬200名士兵與82空降師的快速反應部隊的決定。

 

至於艾斯培公開對川普唱反調是否會丟官，白宮發言人麥肯內尼（Kayleigh McEnany）在表示，如果川普對艾斯培失去信心，「我相信你們都會第一個知道」。她接著語帶保留地說表示，「至於現在，艾斯培部長仍是艾斯培部長」。

 

(见： https://www.chinatimes.com/realtimenews/20200604001393-260408?chdtv)

团结就是力量

詹姆斯·马提斯

 

我目睹了本周发生的事件，感到愤怒且震惊。美国最高法院的门廊上刻着：”法律面前人人平等 “，这也正是抗议者的合理要求。对这个有益凝聚人心的诉求，我们所有人都应该支持。我们绝不能因为少数人违法而转移焦点。成千上万有良知的人们坚持要我们践行的价值观定义了这次示威——那就是我们作为美国人的价值观和作为国家的价值观。

五十年前我刚入伍的时候，曾宣誓支持和捍卫宪法。我做梦也没想到，做了同样宣誓的部队会在何种情况下被命令去侵犯同胞的宪法权利，更不会为着让三军统帅（总统）搞离奇的摆拍秀而违宪，何况军方领导层居然还在旁随侍。

 

我们必须拒绝任何让部队“控制”我们的城市、以及任何将这些城市描绘为“战斗空间”的想法。在我们自己的国土上，只有在极罕见的情况下，而且必须是由州长要求，我们才能动用军队。使用军事化的回应，也就是当下我们在华府看到的情况，只是徒然在军队以及平民社会之间，制造冲突——一种虚假的冲突。这会腐蚀维系着穿军服的人和他们誓言保护的社会之间得以建立信任关系的道德基础，况且军人自己就是人民的一部分。维持公共秩序的责任在州与地方的文职领导手中，他们最了解自己的社区并对社区公众负责。

 

詹姆斯·麦迪逊在《联邦党人文集》第14篇写道：”纵使只有少数军队或没有一兵一卒，一个团结的美国，也要比一个拥有十万精兵备战但分崩离析的美国，更让有野心的外敌望而生畏。” 我们不需要对抗议活动采取军事化的应对措施。我们需要团结在一个共同的目标周围。这首先要保证我们所有人在法律面前一律平等。

 

在诺曼第登陆前，军方提醒士兵：“纳粹的标语是『分裂敌人、各个击破』。而我们美国的回应，是『团结就是力量』。”我们必须唤起这种团结以克服这场危机，坚信我们自己要强过我们的政治。

 

唐纳德·特朗普是我这辈子唯一遇过毫不尝试团结美国人民的总统——甚至连假装去团结都没有。相反地，他试图分化我们。我们见证了他三年以来处心积虑分化的后果，我们正在目睹三年来不成熟的领导造成的后果。我们不需要他也可以团结，我们必须发挥公民社会凝聚的团结力量。正如过去几天来的情况所表明的那样，这并不容易，但我们要感谢同胞们；感谢为捍卫承诺而流血的前辈，也感谢孩子们。

 

我们可以带着全新的使命感和相互尊重的心，更坚强地度过这个试炼的时刻。这场大流行病向我们表明，不仅是我们的部队愿意为社会的安全做出最终的牺牲。在医院、杂货店、邮局和其他地方的美国人，为了服务于他们的同胞和国家，把自己的生命置之度外。我们知道，我们比在拉斐特广场滥用行政权力的行为要好。对那些嘲弄我国宪法的当政者，我们必须拒绝，并追究他们的责任。同时，我们必须记住林肯 “更好的天使”的那段话，一起聆听、团结。

 

只有走一新的道路——实际上，这意味着回到我们建国理想的最初道路上——我们才会再次成为一个在国内外受到敬仰和尊重的国家。

附英文：

 

In Union There Is Strength

I have watched this week’s unfolding events, angry and appalled. The words “Equal Justice Under Law” are carved in the pediment of the United States Supreme Court. This is precisely what protesters are rightly demanding. It is a wholesome and unifying demand—one that all of us should be able to get behind. We must not be distracted by a small number of lawbreakers. The protests are defined by tens of thousands of people of conscience who are insisting that we live up to our values—our values as people and our values as a nation.

 

When I joined the military, some 50 years ago, I swore an oath to support and defend the Constitution. Never did I dream that troops taking that same oath would be ordered under any circumstance to violate the Constitutional rights of their fellow citizens—much less to provide a bizarre photo op for the elected commander-in-chief, with military leadership standing alongside.

 

We must reject any thinking of our cities as a “battlespace” that our uniformed military is called upon to “dominate.” At home, we should use our military only when requested to do so, on very rare occasions, by state governors. Militarizing our response, as we witnessed in Washington, D.C., sets up a conflict—a false conflict—between the military and civilian society. It erodes the moral ground that ensures a trusted bond between men and women in uniform and the society they are sworn to protect, and of which they themselves are a part. Keeping public order rests with civilian state and local leaders who best understand their communities and are answerable to them.

 

James Madison wrote in Federalist 14 that “America united with a handful of troops, or without a single soldier, exhibits a more forbidding posture to foreign ambition than America disunited, with a hundred thousand veterans ready for combat.” We do not need to militarize our response to protests. We need to unite around a common purpose. And it starts by guaranteeing that all of us are equal before the law.

 

Instructions given by the military departments to our troops before the Normandy invasion reminded soldiers that “The Nazi slogan for destroying us…was ‘Divide and Conquer.’ Our American answer is ‘In Union there is Strength.’” We must summon that unity to surmount this crisis—confident that we are better than our politics.

 

Donald Trump is the first president in my lifetime who does not try to unite the American people—does not even pretend to try. Instead he tries to divide us. We are witnessing the consequences of three years of this deliberate effort. We are witnessing the consequences of three years without mature leadership. We can unite without him, drawing on the strengths inherent in our civil society. This will not be easy, as the past few days have shown, but we owe it to our fellow citizens; to past generations that bled to defend our promise; and to our children.

We can come through this trying time stronger, and with a renewed sense of purpose and respect for one another. The pandemic has shown us that it is not only our troops who are willing to offer the ultimate sacrifice for the safety of the community. Americans in hospitals, grocery stores, post offices, and elsewhere have put their lives on the line in order to serve their fellow citizens and their country. We know that we are better than the abuse of executive authority that we witnessed in Lafayette Square. We must reject and hold accountable those in office who would make a mockery of our Constitution. At the same time, we must remember Lincoln’s “better angels,” and listen to them, as we work to unite.

Only by adopting a new path—which means, in truth, returning to the original path of our founding ideals—will we again be a country admired and respected at home and abroad.

 

James Mattis

 

(见：https://chineseamerican.org/p/31659 ;
见：https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2020/06/james-mattis-denounces-trump-protests-militarization/612640/ ）