1月30日,华商报大风新闻记者从陕西省文物局获悉:西安市文物保护考古研究院在西安小烟庄汉代陶窑遗址中发现“长生无极”文字瓦当。
长生无极瓦当 (西安市文物保护考古研究院供图)
据介绍,2023年1月至11月,为配合小烟庄棚户区改造项目建设,西安市文物保护考古研究院在西安市高新区科技三路与鱼化三路十字东北,发掘仰韶晚期、汉代和隋唐等时期各类遗迹400余处。其中,汉代遗址内涵包括陶窑、建筑基址、水井、灰坑、围沟等遗迹,出土板瓦、筒瓦、瓦当、条砖、方形铺地砖等建筑材料和少量生活用具,为本次发掘工作主要收获。瓦当多为文字瓦当,当文仅“长生无极”一种,根据字体不同可分为6类。当径约15—19厘米,以17厘米者居多。这些建筑构件火候较高,质量上乘。
考古人员认为,从出土文物、遗迹形制等方面综合判断,遗址时代应为西汉晚期。
瓦当是古代中国建筑中覆盖建筑檐头筒瓦前端的遮挡,特指东汉和西汉时期,用以装饰美化和蔽护建筑物檐头的建筑附件。瓦当通常刻有文字、图案,也有用四方之神的"朱雀""玄武""青龙""白虎"做图案的。“长生无极”四字,意思与“万寿无疆”接近。
小烟庄汉代遗址北距汉长安城遗址8公里,与汉代泬水、漕渠故道相邻,位于西汉上林苑范围内。遗址规模大、陶窑建造精细,布局经过详细规划,所烧造产品质量上乘,推测为西汉晚期官方作坊遗址。
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