明尼苏达州一名94岁老妪因拖欠物业税,遭县政府充公物业并出售,交易款项远超欠税后,县府又拒绝归还多出的部分。案件缠讼至最高法院,法庭一致裁定县府违宪败诉。
综合美联社和《今日美国》报道,居于亨内平县(Hennepin County)的事主泰勒(Geraldine
Tyler)本身拥有小公寓,但因拖欠物业税2300元,连同罚款及利息,多年来总额累积至1.5万元。泰勒于2010年迁离公寓入住长者房屋后,县府长期追税不果,因而在2015年把公寓充公,翌年连同公寓内存放的证券一并出售,得款4万元后,没有把2.5万元差额归还泰勒,反而利用这笔资金修葺公园、发展树林和兴建康乐设施。
泰勒因而兴讼,联邦地方法院和巡回上诉法院均判县府胜诉,案件最终提交最高法院。大法官经过接近1个月的聆讯后,一致裁定县府违反《宪法第五修正案》的“征用条款”(takings
clause)。根据该项条文,政府不能“在没有公正补偿的情况下”,擅自为了公共用途而征用民众私产。
首席大法官罗伯茨(John
Roberts)在判辞中表示,亨内平县有权出售泰勒的物业以偿还欠税,但却不能以此为由充公余下款项。
代表泰勒的太平洋法律基金会(PLF)表示,纽约、伊利诺伊、亚利桑那等全国10多个州份,都有类似明州的法律,即地方政府出售充公财产后,可以保留所多出的款项,此举对退休后难以支付物业税的长者有重大影响。基金会又说,在2014至2021年间,全国至少有8950栋房屋因欠税而被充公出售,而业主只获归微博款项,甚至一无所有。
泰勒一方亦在庭上提到欠税罚款过高,导致金额从2300元增加至1.5万元,因此违反《宪法第八修正案》。最高法院拒绝处理此问题,但大法官戈萨奇(Neil
Gorsuch)和杰克逊(Ketanji Brown Jackson)各自发表判辞,质疑下级法庭如何决定罚款是否过重。
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