近一个月来,美国一直在应对一种新的、已迅速占主导地位的新冠变种XBB.1.5。美国疾病控制与预防中心(CDC)的最新数据显示,虽然该变种之前只在美国的一个地区流行,但现在已开始在其他地区蔓延。
本月早些时候,XBB.1.5开始席卷东北部。截至周四,CDC报告称,在新英格兰、纽约和新泽西州,该变种约占感染病例的82%。现在,这种现象在东海岸各州越来越普遍。
根据CDC的数据,XBB.1.5占特拉华州、哥伦比亚特区、马里兰州、宾州、维吉尼亚州和西维吉尼亚州报告病例的大约一半。再往南——北卡罗来纳州、南卡罗来纳州、田纳西州、肯塔基州、阿拉巴马州、佛州、乔治亚州和密西西比州——XBB.1.5约占感染病例的三分之一。它在该地区并不占主导地位——BQ.1.1约占病例的38%,但CDC的数据显示,BQ.1.1的感染率正在下降。
BQ.1.1也是迄今为止美国其他地区最常见的变种。就像在南方一样,随着XBB.1.5的传播,BQ.1.1在全国的感染率一直在下降。CDC指出,随着从各州收集的数据越来越多,这些数据可能会发生变化。
CDC官员表示,到目前为止,XBB.1.5尚未被证明比其他病毒导致更严重的疾病。世界卫生组织上周也表达了同样的观点。
然而,研究表明,它可能不像其他变种和亚变种那样对抗体治疗有反应。据康奈尔大流行预防和应对中心的杰伊·瓦尔马说,单克隆抗体治疗“不再有效”,医疗保健提供者只能使用辉瑞口服药Paxlovid,“作为有效的治疗选择。”
他说,预计最新的双价疫苗在预防XBB.1.5方面与预防其他omicron亚变种一样有效。
上个月末,FDA警告说,一种家用唾液检测试剂盒DxTerity已被发现对一些omicron突变(包括XBB、BA.2.75和BN.1)“敏感性显著降低”。
医学专业人员和CDC继续建议戴口罩,接种疫苗,如果你感觉不舒服,即使你的检测呈阴性,也要待在家里进行观察。
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