猴子也靠“援交”赚钱?科学家:猴子懂性交易
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猴子也会靠「援交」赚钱?科学家发现,在印度尼西亚,长尾猕猴会从事性交易;而在南非,长尾黑颚猴若能拿到苹果,身分地位会跟着叁级跳。这项猴子的经济方式研究,揭开了野生动物世界中,不可思议的社会行为。
欧洲学者表示,虽然动物无法「口头协商」或创建「明文约定」,但它们经常在没有强制的承诺下,交换物品或服务。星加坡南洋理工大学的动物学教授古莫,花了将近2年的时间研究长尾猕猴,观察它们的交配市场,并称之为「大自然的经济方式」。
动物学教授发现,公猴替母猴抓虫、理毛,报酬就是在1个小时「嘿咻」4次,母猴之後也不太会跟其他公猴交配。但,若公猴「市场过剩」,性交的代价也会提高,原本只需服务8分钟就能换到一次嘿咻,变成要延长到16分钟,才能一亲芳泽。
除了「性」之外,「抱宝宝」也是交易项目之一。猴群中若有新生儿诞生,雌长尾猕猴为了抱抱小猴,也会帮猴妈妈抓虱子、洗脸。「清理门面」就像是灵长类的代表货币,好比美元是国际贸易市场的主要通货一样。
猴子正在鸳鸯戏水、打情骂俏,帮对方服务是为了「嘿咻」做准备!
法国史特拉斯堡大学的动物行为学家诺伊(Ronald Noe)及汉默斯坦(Peter
Hammerstein)主张的「生物市场理论」(biological market
theory),也和古莫的发现不谋而合,表示商品交易对象的价值会随着供给量变动,并用此解释动物的互惠行为。
尽管没有一套明确的体系,但和人类系出同源的灵长类动物,对於劳动和商品的交换价值,的确拥有与生俱来的观念。而猴群无形的协商与交易,也将推翻「强者生存」的生态理论,应该改写成「合作才能生存」(cooperative
survive),会更加贴切
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