历史上的6/3日
今天是6/3日，2023年的第154天，今年还剩211天。
人类历史上的今天,发生了如下值得我关注的事件：
——1839
1839年6月3日(清宣宗道光十九年四月丁亥)，林则徐在虎门公开毁鸦片。
林则徐于1838年12月31日被任命为钦差大臣，往广东查禁鸦片，抑制该省水师。他于１８３９年3月10日抵达广州，在两广总督邓廷桢的合作下，依靠广州人民禁烟。当时，鸦片商人和英国代表都抱观望态度。林则徐宣称：“若鸦片一日未绝，本大臣一日不回！”3月18日，林则徐命十三行颁给谕帖，严令外商缴出鸦片，并保证以后不再贩卖鸦片。24日，英国驻华商务监督义律从澳门潜入广州洋馆，阻止外商交烟。林则徐一面派兵监视洋馆，封销广州、澳门之间的交通线，一面晓谕英商，论理、论法、论情、论势，说明必须禁绝贩烟。27日，义律被迫递函允缴鸦片。4月11日，林则徐、邓廷桢亲抵虎门验缴鸦片。从4月12日至5月21日，共收缴鸦片19187袋，余8箱留为样品，后来销毁。６月３日，林则徐在虎门销烟，经22天方销完。虎门销烟是禁烟运动的高潮，是对于数十年来外商贩运鸦片的严正抗议和坚决打击，维护了中华民族的尊严，显示了中国人民反抗侵略的意志。
——1916
美国伍德罗·威尔逊总统签署了《国防法案》
1916年6月3日，美国总统伍德罗·威尔逊签署了《国防法案》，该法案扩大了国民警卫队的规模和范围，（国民警卫队是自美国殖民时代以来稳步发展的各州民兵体系，）并保证了其作为国家永久预备役部队的地位。《国防法》将各州的民兵置于联邦控制之下，并授权总统在发生战争或国家紧急状态时调动国民警卫队。
U.S. President Woodrow Wilson signs National Defense Act
Photo Credit: Interim Archives/Getty Images
On June 3, 1916, United States President Woodrow Wilsonsigns into law the National Defense Act, which expanded the size and scope of the National Guard—the network of states’ militias that had been developing steadily since colonial times—and guaranteed its status as the nation’s permanent reserve force.
Though Theodore Roosevelt and other Republicans were pushing for U.S. intervention in World War I, Wilson, elected in 1912, maintained a position of neutrality throughout the first several years of the war. In the first half of 1916, however, with forces from the regular U.S. Army as well as the National Guard called out to face Mexican rebel leader Pancho Villaduring his raids on states in the American Southwest, Wilson and Congress saw the need to reinforce the nation’s armed forces and increase U.S. military preparedness. The National Defense Act, ratified by Congress in May 1916 and signed by Wilson on June 3, brought the states’ militias more under federal control and gave the president authority, in case of war or national emergency, to mobilize the National Guard for the duration of the emergency.
——1928
军阀张作霖被日本人安置的炸弹炸死。
Manchurian warlord Zhang Zuolin dies as a result of a bomb blast set off by the Japanese.
——1965
第一位美国宇航员在太空行走
1965年6月3日，远离地球120英里，爱德华·H少校。White II打开了双子座4号的舱口，走出了太空舱，成为第一位在太空行走的美国宇航员。怀特用25英尺的系绳连接到飞船上，用手持氧气射流推进枪控制他的动作，在太空舱外呆了20多分钟。
苏联宇航员阿列克谢·A。Leonov是有史以来人类太空行走第一人。1965年三月十八日他步出太空舱，行走在广袤无际太空中。
First American astronaut walks in space
Photo Credit: NASA
On June 3, 1965, 120 miles above the Earth, Major Edward H. White II opens the hatch of the Gemini 4 and steps out of the capsule, becoming the first American astronaut to walk in space. Attached to the craft by a 25-foot tether and controlling his movements with a hand-held oxygen jet-propulsion gun, White remained outside the capsule for just over 20 minutes. As a space walker, White had been preceded by Soviet cosmonaut Aleksei A. Leonov, who on March 18, 1965, was the first man ever to walk in space.
——1989
天安门镇压开始了
随着对民主改革的抗议进入第七周，中共政府下令正规军和坦克不惜一切代价收复被抗议学生占居的北京天安门广场。到6月4日黄昏时分，中国军队强行清除了广场，造成数百人死亡，并逮捕了数千名示威者和持不同政见者。
Crackdown at Tiananmen begins
With protests for democratic reforms entering their seventh week, the Chinese government authorizes its soldiers and tanks to reclaim Beijing’s Tiananmen Square at all costs. By nightfall on June 4, Chinese troops had forcibly cleared the square, killing hundreds and arresting thousands of demonstrators and suspected dissidents。
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