四川阿坝一百年伸臂桥 只用原木石块没有铁钉
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伸臂桥底部照。(刘浏 摄)
伸臂桥桥梁与桥墩连接处。(刘浏 摄)
人民网成都4月1日电 (记者陈曦
刘浏)在阿坝州阿坝县境内,有20多座保存完整的百年木制老桥——伸臂桥。该桥除了原木和石块,没有一颗铁钉和其他材料。该桥已有上百年历史,被称为藏区的“历史桥”。
据介绍,建伸臂桥大多选用直径20—40厘米原木,去皮晒干后选择架桥位置,在河两岸对原木进行横竖堆码成桥墩,各层原木之间采用坚硬石块进行平放填实,让上下层原木有机结合。为固定原木,分别在两端开凿端口,用木条对每根原木进行连接,整座桥墩形成完整一体。
当桥墩堆码到一定高度,上翘斜放置数根原木(留数厘米在桥墩外,俗称伸臂梁)至桥墩里,根据桥梁高度和宽度,决定伸臂梁的级数,这些置于桥墩中的原木像手臂一样逐层向河中递伸数米。当两岸桥墩伸出的原木可以搭建木杆时,从力学和结构方面出发,最后在两个“大手臂”上搭上数根两面削平的木杆,就可以通行了。伸臂桥集古代数学、力学、美学于一体,它的完整保存对研究藏区修桥的历史价值、科学价值和民族艺术价值有着重要作用。
当地政府为了完整保护好这些古老桥梁,在老桥附近,又修建了新式便桥,供当地人通行。
为保护好伸臂桥,当地政府在旁边架设了一座现代桥取代伸臂桥的通行功能。
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