中国人为什么热衷买房?安全感比昂贵更重要
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“吃穿住行”,尽管“住”排行第三,但对于大部分中国人来说,住的问题实为第一。近年来,“吃穿”两项国计民生问题得到了很好解决,“行”只是快慢,每年春运头痛一回,过了春节就好。但“住”至今未能很好解决。
据报道,广东省“两会”上有代表提出40岁以前租房、40岁以后买房的建议,立刻遭到网民攻击,典型的愤怒是“请领导们带个头”等等,而许多委员则马上附议支持,认为建议可行。社会各阶层的反应都特真实,体现了各自的角度和立场。作为无房者,想拥有一套属于自己的房子想法质朴而合理,作为政府及政府的代言者,想分出层次依次解决问题算是权宜之计。可为什么一谈到此问题就冲突了呢?
关键在算账。中国人和美国人及欧洲人的算术不会有差异,在租与买之间知道何种方式合算。按专家计算,我们在租买之间的比例已高达1比500,远远高于世界1比300的警戒线,简单地表述就是买比租不合算,可中国人还是要买,不想租,原因何在?中国人根深蒂固的财产文化观,鸦片战争150年来的积贫积弱,让中国人一刻不停寻求安全感,显而易见,租没买安全,买得再贵也安全一生,以生活本质而论,安全比昂贵更重要。
西方社会大都在租房问题上对出租方给予严格限制,法律明显倾斜于承租方,一旦租赁合约签订,无论社会行情发生多大变化,出租方无权提价,无权逐客,即便售房也必须带着房客。这一法律,给了租客极大的心理安全感。所以在西方,租客一租几十年的例子比比皆是,因为租与买之间的矛盾并没像我们这么激烈。
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