揭秘美国乞丐的真实生活 多是健康成年男子
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美国的“乞丐”群体里绝对没有小孩;妇女老人也少见;残疾人更罕见(偶尔会看到一个坐轮椅的“退伍军人”)。换句话说,绝大多数美国乞丐是些健康的成年男人。这些是被大多数救援机构拒之门外的“弱势群体”,才是美国乞丐大军的主流。
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美国是这个世界上最富有的国家,同样有不少乞丐。
芝加哥最常见的是老年乞丐。冬天,他们身穿不足御寒的破旧衣裤,老头戴顶过时的旧帽,老太太披条杂色围巾,三三两两蜷缩在街心公园或立交桥头瑟瑟发抖;一见行人走近立即伸出颤抖的手,用一种“沉默”的方式乞讨。
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纽约中央公园假山后的树丛旁、拱桥的涵洞里更是乞丐喜欢栖息的地方,被美国人戏称为“无家可归者的天堂”。即使在华盛顿白宫前的长椅上也常躺着衣衫褴褛的乞讨者。
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看到不少中青年乞丐,乞讨的方式是举着牌或胸前挂块厚纸板,上面写着“寻求帮助”、“我要钱”、“无家、饿、帮我”之类的文字。一天傍晚,我走在曼哈顿的大街上,突然,一个男子转身朝向我,敞开的衣襟内露出一块纸牌:“退伍军人、无家、我要钱!”
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曾不止一次听说过大街上发生的抢劫案,吓得心怦怦直跳,无暇去想他的真实身份,赶忙掏出早已准备好的5美元,直到身后传来“
Thankyou”才让人稍感平静。
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美国还有一些变相的乞丐,你开车出去,十字路口遇到红灯,便会有人一手拿着盛水的可乐瓶,一手拿块抹布,迅速地替你擦几下挡风玻璃,随即向你要钱。车站、码头、地铁入口处或超市门前,一些卖艺行乞者或弹或唱或跳,有的是出自对艺术的爱好,有的是用这种方式解决温饱问题。
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美国还有一种超级乞丐,他们有住房,衣食不愁,没有酒喝的时候,就在行乞的牌子上写着“我需要啤酒钱”、“请给我一瓶啤酒”,有趣的是酒丐行乞所获远比其他乞丐多,因为美国人认为乞食的太无用,连起码的工作都找不到,而酒丐只是暂时困难,救急不救穷嘛!
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美国乞丐不少,也就出现许多为乞丐服务的机构。为了救助最贫穷者,加利福尼亚州的伯莱克发行了一种换取物品的“慈善券”,代替现金散发给乞丐,券上印着“可换食物、汽油票或支付洗衣费,但不能用来购烟酒,也不能当现金使用。”
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