这种研究的价值本身就有限,再加上中国从一月份起就禁止公开病毒基因序列并要求销毁所有样本,使得这项研究在调查病毒来源方面的意义进一步打了折扣。什么ABC三型,在一月初中国学者就爆料有ABCDE 5型,那时候世界其他地区还没开始流行。没有时间和各地区较完整的或至少能代表各个时间段的数据做基础, Phylogenetic tree 等于没有根,也就是瞎掰。中国早就防着有人要进行这样的调查了
难得幽默 发表评论于 2020-04-12 08:26:56
这种研究的价值本身就有限,再加上中国从月份起就禁止公开病毒基因序列并要求销毁所有样本,使得这项研究在调查病毒来源方面的意义进一步打了折扣。什么ABC三型,在一月初中国学者就爆料有ABCDE 5型,那时候世界其他地区还没开始流行。没有时间和各地区较完整的或至少能代表各个时间段的数据做基础, Phylogenetic tree 等于没有根,也就是瞎掰。中国早就防着有人要进行这样的调查了
剑桥大学官网有关于这项研究的总结,用的是直白的英语”Researchers from Cambridge, UK, and Germany have reconstructed the early “evolutionary paths” of COVID-19 in humans – as infection spread from Wuhan out to Europe and North America “
有的人英语不好,可以原谅。但故意以暧昧的春秋笔触去曲解原文,给爱听的人熬一碗自慰汤,不太体面吧。其实,我比谁都希望有大逆转,但玩lost in translation这种小动作只能是欲盖弥彰。
快到最后有一段: As SI Appendix, Fig. S4 shows, however, the first virus genome that was sampled on 24 December 2019 already is distant from the root type according to the bat coronavirus outgroup rooting.
作者说得很清楚,A型的子群C-allele将近一半是在美国和澳大利亚发现的(it is noteworthy that nearly half (15/33) of the types in this subcluster, however, are found outside East Asia, mainly in the United States and Australia. )
There are two subclusters of A which are distinguished by the synonymous mutation T29095C.
A有两个子群,它们的区别在于同义突变 T29095C(同义突变是DNA 片段中有时某个碱基对的突变并不改变所编码的氨基酸)
In the T-allele subcluster, four Chinese individuals (from the southern coastal Chinese province of Guangdong) carry the ancestral genome, while three Japanese and two American patients differ from it by a number of mutations. These American patients are reported to have had a history of residence in the presumed source of the outbreak in Wuhan.
在T-等位基因亚群中,有四个中国人(来自中国南方沿海省份广东省)带有原始祖先基因组,而三名日本人和两名美国病人则有许多突变。 据报道,这些美国患者在据推测是疫情爆发地的武汉曾有居住史
The C-allele subcluster sports relatively long mutational branches and includes five individuals from Wuhan, two of which are represented in the ancestral node, and eight other East Asians from China and adjacent countries. It is noteworthy that nearly half (15/33) of the types in this subcluster, however, are found outside East Asia, mainly in the United States and Australia.
C-等位基因亚簇具有相对较长的突变分支,包括来自武汉的五个人,其中两个代表原始祖先节点;还包括另外八个来自于中国和邻近国家的东亚人。 值得注意的是,该子集群中将近一半(15/33)的类型位于东亚以外地区,主要位于美国和澳大利亚 (如果你不看作者取样的解释, 和前面对A型的解释,仅仅就这一句话来看, 似乎是A 来自于美国和澳大利亚。但是作者首先说了,样品都来自于现在感染了病毒的病人, 也就是说这是疫情爆发后从病人身上取样的 而不是在爆发前 。爆发前, 大家对此一无所知, 谁去取样?再者,作者是对A的两个类型做了解释,早期发现带有病毒A的是以中国人和东亚人为主, 但是疫情爆发后,更多的美国人和澳大利亚人带有了这种病毒!对此作者在采访中做了解释:A型估计是不适合中国人,没有大规模在中国爆发, 而是突变成了B 后才爆发 ------ 我大胆地猜测, 如果这篇文章正确, 那么最早期在武汉发现的病人是带有病毒A的, 传染率不高, 所以有专家说可控 。。。。但是没有想到的是后来,A病毒突变成了B,具有了很高的 传染率 。。。。 而带有A和B的病人到了国外,A在美国和澳大利亚开始传播, 但是传染率不高;直到B突变成C后在欧洲爆发,又从欧洲传到美国。。。推测而已, 一切要等到最后科学研究的结论 )
There are two subclusters of A which are distinguished by the synonymous mutation T29095C. A有两个子群,它们的区别在于同义突变 (同义突变是DNA 片段中有时某个碱基对的突变并不改变所编码的氨基酸) T29095C
In the T-allele subcluster, four Chinese individuals (from the southern coastal Chinese province of Guangdong) carry the ancestral genome, while three Japanese and two American patients differ from it by a number of mutations. These American patients are reported to have had a history of residence in the presumed source of the outbreak in Wuhan. 在T-等位基因亚群中,有四个中国人(来自中国南方沿海省份广东省)带有原始祖先基因组,而三名日本人和两名美国病人则有许多突变。 据报道,这些美国患者在据推测是疫情爆发地的武汉曾有居住史
The C-allele subcluster sports relatively long mutational branches and includes five individuals from Wuhan, two of which are represented in the ancestral node, and eight other East Asians from China and adjacent countries. It is noteworthy that nearly half (15/33) of the types in this subcluster, however, are found outside East Asia, mainly in the United States and Australia. C-等位基因亚簇具有相对较长的突变分支,包括来自武汉的五个人,其中两个代表原始祖先节点;还包括另外八个来自于中国和邻近国家的东亚人。 值得注意的是,该子集群中将近一半(15/33)的类型位于东亚以外地区,主要位于美国和澳大利亚 (如果你不看作者取样的解释, 和前面对A型的解释,仅仅就这一句话来看, 似乎是A 来自于美国和澳大利亚。但是作者首先说了,样品都来自于现在感染了病毒的病人, 也就是说这是疫情爆发后从病人身上取样的 而不是在爆发前 。爆发前, 大家对此一无所知, 谁去取样?再者,作者是对A的两个类型做了解释,早期发现带有病毒A的是以中国人和东亚人为主, 但是疫情爆发后,更多的美国人和澳大利亚人带有了这种病毒!对此作者在采访中做了解释:A型估计是不适合中国人,没有大规模在中国爆发, 而是突变成了B 后才爆发 ------ 我大胆地猜测, 如果这篇文章正确, 那么最早期在武汉发现的病人是带有病毒A的, 传染率不高, 所以有专家说可控 。。。。但是没有想到的是后来,A病毒突变成了B,具有了很高的 传染率 。。。。 而带有A和B的病人到了国外,A在美国和澳大利亚开始传播, 但是传染率不高;直到B突变成C后在欧洲爆发,又从欧洲传到美国。。。推测而已, 一切要等到最后科学研究的结论 )
你再读读这个:There are two subclusters of A which are distinguished by the synonymous mutation T29095C。。。It is noteworthy that nearly half (15/33) of the types in this subcluster, however, are found outside East Asia, mainly in the United States and Australia.
Science_东岸01 发表评论于 2020-04-11 12:36:12
The A and C types are found in significant proportions outside East Asia, that is, in Europeans and Americans.
wxc88888 发表评论于 2020-04-11 12:59:06
你再继续往下看:Type C differs from its parent type B by the nonsynonymous mutation G26144T which changes a glycine to a valine. In the dataset, this is the major European type (n = 11), with representatives in France, Italy, Sweden, and England, and in California and Brazil.
Science_东岸01 发表评论于 2020-04-11 12:36:12
The A and C types are found in significant proportions outside East Asia, that is, in Europeans and Americans.
COPY “国际病毒学数据库中国病毒样本只有14个,而且来自具有血缘关系的同一个家族。这样的基因数据能代表全部武汉、全部湖北、全部中国的病毒基因类型吗?用这样的基因数据建立病毒传播模型可靠吗?”