因为一个女人 林肯将感恩节变成法定假期
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美国人大为重视的感恩节,虽然获开国总统乔治华盛顿于1789年定为全国节日,但一直并非假日。直至之后的林肯总统才定为法定假期,而且是因一个女人而起。
感恩节虽历史悠久,但早年只在新英格兰(New
England)有庆祝活动,南部民众大多不知情。而且会举行庆祝活动的州份,都是自定庆祝日,由十月至一月期间不等。
女作家黑尔(Sarah Josepha
Hale)自1846年起,展开一人行动争取将感恩节定为国家假期,她17年来不断去信总统争取,历经多任总统上台落台,终在1863年说服林肯,同意列为法定假期;感恩节亦定于十一月最后一个周四。黑尔另一个较为人熟知的身份,是着名儿歌《玛莉有只小绵羊》的创作人。
后来另一任总统罗斯福为在大萧条(Great
Depression)中为了提振国民消费,于1939年将感恩节日子提前一周、改为十一月第三个周四,不过有16个州反对改变,引来争议。罗斯福最终受压,1941年在国会通过下,将感恩节重定为十一月第四个周四。
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