加拿大滑铁卢大学以半工半读(co-op)办学理念把滑铁卢地区变成了加拿大创新创业的“硅谷”。加拿大顶尖的技术发明和创业多出此校,而且该大学有诸多专业名列世界前茅。越是前沿的科技概念,越是有别于生活常识,其陌生的概念越是难以被大脑接受,而半工半读的公司工作经验,以感性认识能够消除新概念的神秘感,帮助学生迅速理解抽象概念。 ![实业创新,工读硅谷– 加拿大和世界报道](data:image/jpeg;base64,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)
图:滑铁卢大学半工半读教育与就业中心大楼 1911年加拿大路德教会在滑铁卢办了一个神学院,1914年开设非神学课程,逐渐演变成今天的加拿大劳里尔大学。其理工科部分在1955年分离出来,成为一个大专学院,后来演变成今天的滑铁卢大学。艾拉·尼得勒斯(Ira Needles)从农村读书成为成功的工业家,深感半工半读对学习技术的助益,二战期间就向加拿大政府提倡推行半工半读。 ![实业创新,工读硅谷– 加拿大和世界报道](data:image/jpeg;base64,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)
图:加拿大劳里尔大学 1958年他还是美国高德利奇公司加拿大总裁的时候,就希望滑铁卢学院能够为公司培养出类拔萃的工程师,亲自到滑铁卢学院操办学校和公司之间的半工半读运作。他召集了加拿大顶尖的工业家、科学家、工程师、银行家、公司高管和政府官员共200人聚集滑铁卢学院商讨半工半读的工学合作,开启了滑铁卢学院与地方经济合作的半工半读项目。 滑铁卢及其南边紧贴着的基齐纳市都是德裔移民为主,基齐纳市素有实业兴邦的理念和传统,基齐纳南边的剑桥市,有加拿大的曼切斯特之称,曾经是加拿大工业革命发源地。美国高德利奇公司当时在基齐纳市就开有工厂。1959年就有250家公司雇佣滑铁卢学院的半工半读学生,另外有350家公司表达了愿意接收半工半读学生的意愿。其中不乏地处滑铁卢市以外的公司甚至是在美国的公司。开始半工半读主要是工程专业的学生。半工半读开启没有多久,滑铁卢学院就改为为滑铁卢大学。1960年滑铁卢大学开设了计算机专业,1961年美国IBM公司就接受滑铁卢大学半工半读学生工作。 ![实业创新,工读硅谷– 加拿大和世界报道](https://www.canadanewsreport.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/hudie-002-600x445.jpg)
图:加拿大安大略省剑桥市的水轮驱动皮带传输动力南厂旧址。 今天滑铁卢大学的计算机专业本科在全球排名数一数二,每年谷歌微软等科技巨头都来招聘滑铁卢大学的计算机专业毕业生。1965年数学系三个大学生用计算机解决了阿基米德在公元前200年提出的群牛问题,IBM因此发现大学是他们巨大的市场。1962滑铁卢地区的保险公司要求滑铁卢大学把半工半读项目扩展到工程专业以外,让保险公司也接受半工半读学生工作。 滑铁卢地区以孟诺教和天主教社会影响力比较大,主持当地的主要慈善事业。有扶助贫穷的精神。半工半读极大减轻了家长供子女高等教育的负担,是贫困人家进入社会精英层的渠道。大学一年分三个学期,半工半读学生入学先读两个学期,第三个学期到公司工作,赚取学费和生活费,以后就一个学期读书,一个学期工作,家长提供开始的两个学期的学费和生活费,学生就自立了。半工半读五年毕业,毕业时已经有两年工作经验,职场竞争力强多了。滑铁卢至今是加拿大科技创新前沿城市,创业风投资金不断涌入,推动房地产牛市。由于高校就读陪读和科技移民,滑铁卢华人社区也不断繁荣,中餐馆也日新月异。半工半读是滑铁卢产学研结合的土壤,把滑铁卢大学变成了一流大学,把滑铁卢市地区变成了加拿大的硅谷。 |