Abraham Flexner, 普林斯頓高等研究院的創始院長曾經寫道,“我們生活中享受的各種技術進步和應用經常來自於最原始水平的純科學研究,但這些收獲在進行學術研究時是沒有保證要產出的,甚至是不可預測的副產物,當然它們也不應該作為純科學研究的最終目標。闖入未知領域的探險不可避免地會涉及到風險,純科學家和學者們很少將發明一種最終產品作為研究動機,他們隻會被自己的好奇心去驅動,這才是學術探索的真諦!”
'Show me the money(無利不起早)'理論是建立在人的負麵性格的基礎上,即主張人們做事情隻是為了金錢獎勵.這樣會導致人們追逐利益最大化,即做最少的工作,而獲得最大的利益。這種風氣一個嚴重弊端就是:踏實做事的人會覺得自己非常吃虧,因為基於“無利不起早”的人收獲更多,正常人也會逐漸加入製造垃圾的行列 (12)。
約翰?馮?諾伊曼(John von Neumann)是布達佩斯年代取得高度智力成就的人員之一的人。他出生於下麵的人出生於差不多同一個時期 Theodore von Kármán (生於. 1881 馮–卡門現代航天動力性創始人,錢學森的老師), George de Hevesy (生於. 1885/1943年獲諾貝爾化學獎), Leó Szilárd(生於.1898構思了核連鎖反應,構思了電子顯微鏡。構思了直線粒子加速器和回旋加速器。促成了研發原子彈旳曼哈頓計劃), Eugene Wigner (生於. 1902奠定了量子力學對稱性的理論基礎,原子核結構的研究上有重要貢獻。在純數學領域也有許多重要工作), Edward Teller (生於. 1908/氫彈之父), and Paul Erd?s (生於. 1913/,數學家,三歲時就能輕鬆心算一個人一生所活的秒數.)
當環境在時間和空間序列中相對穩定的時候,與不斷試錯(trial and error) 的個體學習相比,“山寨”別人是非常有效並且高效率的。如果環境發生迅速改變,無論是時間上(從一代到下一代),還是空間上的(不同環境的移民),“山寨”一個現有的行為可能適應不了正在改變的環境。此時需要通過個體學習來針對環境改變匹配自適應行為。個人體習的效率要低於群體學習,因為不斷地試錯會占用時間、精力和更加高度的智慧。
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阿拉伯人、華人、日本人、印度人和亞洲其它地區的的文化大都主張家族主義、等級製度和集權主義,這是與可持續的探索和創新相違背的。美國學生在小學和中學階段學習相對不如東亞學生,可能反映了其遠古時代強調’個體學習’ 和’群體學習’ 方式的不同而導致的遺傳傾向。然而,歐美國家仍在科技術和商業創新方麵領先世界。進化心理學可以部分解釋為什麽中國很難產生類似羅蒙諾索夫、歐拉、·龐加萊、柯爾莫哥洛夫、馮·諾依曼、康托洛維奇等世界級的大師。Mikhail Lomonosov, Leonhard Euler, Henri Poincaré, Andrey Kolmogorov, John von Neumann, or Leonid Kantorovich.
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博主回複(2016-3-14 02:34):同意
進化生物學家 Richard Lewontin 提出了“niche construction theory”。此理論強調環境和生物體之間的更緊密、更有機關聯的關係。Lewontin 認為生物體不僅是環境影響的被動接受者,同時還是其周圍環境的積極建設者 (30)。
Richard Dawkins 進一步認為,文化和技術隻是基因的擴展表型(31)。